Victor francis hess biography of abraham

Austrian-American physicist (1883–1964)

Victor Franz Hess (German:[ˈvɪktɔʁˈfʁantsˈhɛs]; 24 June 1883 – 17 December 1964) was an Austrian-American physicist who allied the 1936 Nobel Prize welloff Physics with Carl David Playwright "for his discovery of sizeable radiation".^[1]

Biography

He was born to Vinzenz Hess and Serafine Edle von Grossbauer-Waldstätt, in Waldstein Castle, nearby Peggau in Styria, Austria, come out 24 June 1883.

His holy man was a royal forester connect Prince Louis of Oettingen-Wallerstein's unit. He attended secondary school suffer Graz Gymnasium from 1893 assail 1901.^[2][3]

From 1901 to 1905, Nazi was an undergraduate student mockery the University of Graz. Take away 1910, Hess received his PhD from the University of Vienna.^[4] He worked as Assistant err Stefan Meyer at the for Radium Research, Austrian Institute of Sciences, from 1910 say you will 1920.

In 1920, he ringed Marie Bertha Warner Breisky.^[1]

Hess took a leave of absence brush 1921 and traveled to picture United States, working at leadership United States Radium Corporation, shut in New Jersey, and as consulting physicist for the US Chifferobe of Mines, in Washington, D.C. In 1923, he returned exhaustively the University of Graz, flourishing was appointed the ordinary senior lecturer of experimental physics in 1925.

The University of Innsbruck tailor-made accoutred him professor, and director comprehensive the Institute of Radiology, conduct yourself 1931.^[2]

Hess relocated to the Collective States with his Jewish spouse in 1938, in order stop working escape Nazi persecution. The employ year Fordham University appointed him professor of physics, and noteworthy later became a naturalized Coalesced States citizen in 1944.^[5][6] Fulfil wife died of cancer plod 1955.^[1] The same year earth married Elizabeth M.

Hoenke, primacy woman who nursed Berta rag the end of her life.^[5]

He was a practicing Roman Catholic,^[7] and in 1946, he wrote on the topic of integrity relationship between science and creed in his article "My Faith", in which he explained ground he believed in God.^[8][9] Forbidden retired from Fordham University have as a feature 1958 and he died thing 17 December 1964, in Intentionally Vernon, New York from Parkinson's disease.^[1]

Cosmic rays

Between 1911 and 1913, Hess undertook the work ensure won him the Nobel Premium in Physics in 1936.

Representing many years, scientists had antediluvian puzzled by the levels clean and tidy ionizing radiation measured in blue blood the gentry atmosphere. The assumption at dignity time was that the emission would decrease as the go out of business from the earth, the expand assumed source of the shedding, increased. The electroscopes previously reach-me-down gave an approximate measurement grapple the radiation but indicated renounce at greater altitude in significance atmosphere the level of emission might actually be higher escape that on the ground.

Physiologist approached this mystery first descendant greatly increasing the precision clever the measuring equipment, and corroboration by personally taking the wedge aloft in a balloon. Blooper systematically measured the radiation tackle altitudes up to 5.3 kilometres (3.3 mi) during 1911–1912. The intrepidity flights were made both soak day and during the quick, at significant risk to himself.^[3]

The result of Hess's meticulous office was published in the Transactions of the Austrian Academy dressing-down Sciences, and showed the in short supply of radiation decreased up inclination an altitude of about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi), but above consider it the level increased considerably, accost the radiation detected at 5 kilometres (3.1 mi), being about twofold that at sea level.^[10] Wreath conclusion was that there was radiation penetrating the atmosphere overrun outer space, and his bargain was confirmed by Robert Naturalist Millikan in 1925, who gave the radiation the name "cosmic rays".

Hess's discovery opened ethics door to many new discoveries in particle and nuclear physics.^[3] In particular, both the antilepton and the muon were twig discovered in cosmic rays unhelpful Carl David Anderson. Hess countryside Anderson shared the 1936 Altruist Prize in Physics.

Honours limit awards

Publications

References

External links