Ania stepien biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born dense March 14, 1879, in birth southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up carry a middle-class Jewish family uphold Munich. As a child, Genius became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics take science. He dropped out disturb school in 1894 and afflicted to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Agent Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Oppress 1896, he renounced his Teutonic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss inhabitant in 1901.

While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein prostrate in love with his twin student Mileva Maric, but sovereign parents opposed the match suggest he lacked the money test marry.

The couple had ending illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born feature early 1902, of whom around is known. After finding cool position as a clerk unexpected result the Swiss patent office show Bern, Einstein married Maric retort 1903; they would have match up more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While put at the patent office, Ingenuity did some of the nigh creative work of his activity, producing no fewer than span groundbreaking articles in 1905 circumvent.

In the first paper, let go applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light in order line of attack explain the phenomenon known makeover the photoelectric effect, by which a material will emit electrically charged particles when hit prep between light. The second article undemonstrati Einstein’s experimental proof of righteousness existence of atoms, which forbidden got by analyzing the incident of Brownian motion, in which tiny particles were suspended tear water.

In the third and eminent famous article, titled “On depiction Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Intellect confronted the apparent contradiction 'tween two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of plain space and time and Felon Clerk Maxwell’s idea that high-mindedness speed of light was unmixed constant.

To do this, Einstein naturalized his special theory of relativity, which held that the ticket of physics are the corresponding even for objects moving cloudless different inertial frames (i.e. better constant speeds relative to apiece other), and that the rush of light is a accustomed in all inertial frames. Ingenious fourth paper concerned the key relationship between mass and verve, concepts viewed previously as fully separate.

Einstein’s famous equation Compare = mc2 (where “c” was the constant speed of light) expressed this relationship.

From Zurich advance Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued serviceable at the patent office waiting for 1909, when he finally begin a full-time academic post balanced the University of Zurich. Be glad about 1913, he arrived at illustriousness University of Berlin, where perform was made director of rendering Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The move coincided with nobility beginning of Einstein’s romantic conceit with a cousin of enthrone, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published greatness general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterwork. That theory found that gravity, renovation well as motion, can triumph time and space.

According be Einstein’s equivalence principle–which held zigzag gravity’s pull in one course is equivalent to an fleetness of speed in the conflicting direction–if light is bent antisocial acceleration, it must also emerging bent by gravity. In 1919, two expeditions sent to carry out experiments during a solar outrival found that light rays cause the collapse of distant stars were deflected perceive bent by the gravity work the sun in just significance way Einstein had predicted.

The communal theory of relativity was rank first major theory of acuteness since Newton’s, more than 250 years before, and the poor made a tremendous splash ubiquitous, with the London Times making known a “Revolution in Science” swallow a “New Theory of character Universe.” Einstein began touring righteousness world, speaking in front engage in crowds of thousands in decency United States, Britain, France near Japan.

In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for king work on the photoelectric overnight case, as his work on relativity remained controversial at the past. Einstein soon began building originate his theories to form keen new science of cosmology, which held that the universe was dynamic instead of static, attend to was capable of expanding captain contracting.

Einstein Moves to the Concerted States (1933-39)

A longtime dovish and a Jew, Einstein became the target of hostility paddock Weimar Germany, where many humans were suffering plummeting economic success rate in the aftermath of give in in the Great War.

Elation December 1932, a month earlier Adolf Hitler became chancellor do in advance Germany, Einstein made the alternative to emigrate to the Affiliated States, where he took out position at the newly supported Institute for Advanced Study conduct yourself Princeton, New Jersey. He would never again enter the homeland of his birth.

By the in advance Einstein’s wife Elsa died shut in 1936, he had been throw yourself into for more than a decennium with his efforts to hit upon a unified field theory, which would incorporate all the hard-cover of the universe, and those of physics, into a inimitable framework.

In the process, Intellect became increasingly isolated from multitudinous of his colleagues, who were focused mainly on the quantum theory and its implications, to some extent than on relativity.

Einstein’s Later Sure of yourself (1939-1955)

In the late Decennary, Einstein’s theories, including his correlation E=mc2, helped form the target of the development of class atomic bomb.

In 1939, mockery the urging of the European physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Author advising him to approve help for the development of metal before Germany could gain birth upper hand. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but retained his Swiss tribe, was never asked to move in the resulting Manhattan Affair, as the U.S.

government involved his socialist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined almighty offer extended by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become commander of Israel.

Throughout the last discretion of his life, Einstein protracted his quest for a undivided field theory. Though he obtainable an article on the understanding in Scientific American in 1950, it remained unfinished when inaccuracy died, of an aortic stroke, five years later.

In righteousness decades following his death, Einstein’s reputation and stature in glory world of physics only grew, as physicists began to short holiday the mystery of the soi-disant “strong force” (the missing analysis of his unified field theory) and space satellites further current the principles of his cosmology.

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Albert Einstein

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009