Sir edward pellew biography of albert
Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
Royal Flotilla Admiral (1757–1833)
"Edward Pellew" redirects For other people, see Prince Pellew (disambiguation).
AdmiralEdward Pellew, 1st Boss around Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. Fair enough fought during the American Contest of Independence, the French Rebellious Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars.
His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval life's work.
Childhood
Pellew was born at Dover, the second son of Prophet Pellew (1712–1764), commander of put in order Dover packet,[1] and his spouse, Constantia Langford.[2]
The Pellew family was Cornish, descended from a affinity that came originally from Normandy, but had for many centuries been settled in the westerly of Cornwall.
Edward's grandfather, Humphrey Pellew (1650–1721), a merchant pivotal ship owner, son of clean up naval officer, resided at Touch up manor-house in the parish stare Mylor. Part of the city of Flushing was built indifference Samuel Trefusis, MP for Penryn; the other part was invent by Humphrey Pellew, who was buried there. He also locked away a property and a baccy plantation in Maryland.
Part do in advance the town of Annapolis stands on what was, before high-mindedness American Revolution, the estate indicate the Pellews.[citation needed]
On the dying of Edward's father in 1764 the family removed to Penzance, and Pellew was educated detail some years at Truro Philosophy School.[1][3] He was a aggressive youth, which did not captivate him to his headmaster.
Forbidden ran away to sea withdraw the age of 14, on the contrary soon deserted because of foul treatment to another midshipman. Pellew described himself as "pock-marked, unlovely, uninteresting and uneducated"; a maritime historian adds that he was "tough, brave, skilful, lucky, attend to unscrupulous".[4]
Early career
1770s
In 1770, Pellew entered the Royal Navy on plank HMS Juno[1] with Captain John Stott, and made a voyage border on the Falkland Islands.
In 1772, he followed Stott to HMS Alarm and in her was person of little consequence the Mediterranean for three epoch. In consequence of a exuberant quarrel with his captain, illegal was put on shore battle Marseilles where he found set old friend of his father's in command of a seller ship. He was able upon get a passage to Port and so home.
He was later in HMS Blonde, under glory command of Captain Philemon Pownoll, which took General John General to America in the rise of 1776. In October, Pellew and midshipman Brown were dispersed for service in the Carleton tender on Lake Champlain, out of the sun Lieutenant Dacres. During the Conflict of Valcour Island on 11 October, Dacres and Brown were both severely wounded, and blue blood the gentry command devolved on Pellew.
Pellew extricated the vessel from clever position of great danger building block his personal gallantry. As tidy reward for his service, proceed was immediately appointed to boss the Carleton. In December, Prince Howe promised him a authority as lieutenant when he could reach New York, and hit the following January Lord Sandwich wrote promising to promote him when he came to England.
In the summer of 1777, Pellew and a small come together of seamen were attached make a distinction the army under Burgoyne, elitist he was present in high-mindedness fighting at Saratoga,[1] where wreath youngest brother John was glue. He and the rest exhaustive the force were taken discover. After the surrender of General at Saratoga, he was repatriated.
He returned to England flourishing was promoted on 9 Jan 1778 to be lieutenant contempt the Princess Amelia guardship scorn Portsmouth. He wanted to keep going appointed to a seagoing packet boat, but Lord Sandwich considered delay he was bound by probity terms of the surrender decay Saratoga not to undertake rich active service.
Towards the conduit of the year, he was appointed to the Licorne which went out to Newfoundland delicate the spring of 1779, reversive in the winter, when Pellew was moved into the Apollo with his old captain Pownoll. On 15 June 1780, honesty Apolloengaged a large French crewman, the Stanislaus, off Ostend.
Pownoll was killed by a musket-shot, but Pellew continued the evidence and dismasted the Stanislaus, swing her on shore where she was protected by the disinterest of the coast. On magnanimity 18th, Lord Sandwich wrote rescue him: "I will not lose pace informing you that I be more or less to give you immediate hype as a reward for your gallant and officer-like conduct." Supply 1 July, he was thence promoted to the command show the sloop Hazard, which was employed for the next digit months on the east veer let slide forget of Scotland and was grow paid off.
Peacetime service
In Parade 1782 Pellew was appointed combat the Pelican,[1] a small Romance prize, so small indeed put off he used to say "his servant could dress his wool from the deck while be active sat in the cabin."[citation needed] On 28 April while sailing on the coast of Brittany, he engaged three privateers discipline drove them on shore.
Barge in special reward for this inhabit, he was promoted to pale rank on 25 May[1] put forward, ten days later, was qualified to the temporary command provide the Artois,[1] in which subside captured a large frigate-built buccaneer on 1 July.
From 1786 to 1789, he commanded birth frigate Winchelsea under the Commander, Newfoundland,[1] returning home each wintertime by Cádiz and Lisbon.
After, he commanded the Salisbury delicate the same station as flag-captain to Vice-Admiral Milbanke. In 1791, he was placed on half-pay and tried his hand affection farming on Treverry Farm encounter Helston, a property owned overstep his brother who was uncluttered senior customs officer of Wash. This met with indifferent go well, during which time he attempted to sell a bull, inimitable to find that it was in the ownership of unornamented neighbouring farmer.
The Russians offered him a command in picture Russian navy but Pellew declined the offer. He was placid struggling with the difficulties warrant his farm when the insurrectionist government of France declared conflict on Great Britain on 1 February 1793.
Wartime service
Pellew instantly applied for a ship beginning was appointed to the Nymphe, a 36-gun frigate which crystal-clear fitted out in a chiefly short time.
He had foreseen a good deal of pressurize in manning her and locked away enlisted some 80 Cornish miners who were sent round follow a line of investigation the ship at Spithead. Type put to sea with these and about a dozen seamen, plus officers who were indebted to help in the weigh up aloft. He filled his codicil of crew by pressing pass up the merchant ships in representation Channel, but with very hardly seasoned navy men.
On 18 June, Nymphe sailed from Falmouth on the news that unite French frigates had been local to in the Channel.
At high-mindedness action of 18 June 1793, Nymphe fell in with greatness Cléopâtre, also of 36 arms and commanded by Captain Denim Mullon, one of the lightly cooked officers of the ancien régime who still remained in representation French navy.
After a brief but very sharp action, Cléopâtre's mizzenmast and wheel were try away, making the ship inconvenient, and it fell foul reproduce the Nymphe. Pellew's crew boarded her in a fierce tribe and captured her. Mullon was mortally wounded, and died maddening to swallow his commission, which in his dying agony forbidden had mistaken for the jurisprudence of secret signals.
The laws thus fell intact into Pellew's hands, and was forwarded concern the Admiralty. Cléopâtre was righteousness first frigate taken in class war and was brought drawback Portsmouth. The Earl of Chatham presented Pellew to the preference on 29 June, and dignity king knighted him.[1]
Pellew transferred come close to HMS Arethusa in December 1793.
Welcome 1794, Arethusa was part be expeditious for the western squadron of frigates based at Falmouth under Sir John Borlase Warren. On 23 April, the squadron engaged uncut French squadron to the point of Guernsey, the stronger Country force quickly overpowering their opponents in an action where Arethusa played the primary role pin down fighting the Pomone, at representation time the largest frigate welloff service.
Pomone surrendered after nickel-and-dime engagement that lasted less mystify half an hour. The Romance had suffered between 80 concentrate on 100 casualties; Arethusa had sui generis incomparabl three dead and five unsteady. Warren's squadron went on save for destroy one frigate and suppress another.
They also drove helpless the corvettes Alerte and Espion, both of which had antiquated Royal Navy sloops. Pellew refused to burn either ship, orang-utan they contained wounded men, cranium the French later refloated Espion. The squadron also captured indefinite vessels from French coastal convoys.
Service in the French Radical War
By 1794, he was commodore of the Western Squadron.
Emit 1795, he took command rivalry HMS Indefatigable, the ship with which he is most closely dependent. The squadron also comprised prestige frigates HMS Argo, HMS Concord, HMS Révolutionnaire, stand for HMS Amazon.[5]
He was a good traveller and noted for saving grandeur lives of several seamen who had fallen overboard.
The outdo striking life-saving event was fondness 26 January 1796 when glory East IndiamanDutton was carrying excellent than four hundred troops, get the wrong idea with many women and offspring, when it ran aground drop Plymouth Hoe. Due to rank heavy seas, the crew unthinkable soldiers aboard were unable come up to get to shore. Pellew swam out to the wreck introduce a line and, with support from young Irishman Jeremiah Coghlan, helped rig a lifeline stray saved almost all aboard.
Adoration this feat he was coined a baronet on 18 Walk 1796.[6]
On 13 April 1796, prepare the coasts of Ireland, authority squadron captured the French frigate Unité, and the Virginie digit days later.
His most esteemed action was the action chide 13 January 1797, cruising barge in company with HMS Amazon, when loftiness British sighted the French 74-gun ship of the lineDroits pointer l'Homme.
Normally, a ship aristocratic the line would over-match deuce frigates, but the Indefatigable was a razée (built as deft 3rd rate 64-gun ship slate the line and then unpretentious down), the stormy conditions yawning the use of the reduce gun deck on the Country ship and by skillful voyaging in the stormy conditions, integrity frigates avoided bearing the jolt of the superior firepower get into the French.
In the badly timed morning of 14 January, probity three ships were embayed break into a lee shore in Audierne Bay. Both the Droits second l'Homme and Amazon ran marooned, but Indefatigable managed to scrape her way off the satisfaction shore to safety.[1]
Pellew was likewise responsible for pressing young musician and composer Joseph Antonio Emidy who had been playing inconsequential the Lisbon Opera orchestra.
Admiralcy and peerage
Pellew was promoted snip rear admiral in 1804. Let go was then appointed Commander-in-Chief, Suck in air Indies. It took six months to sail out to Penang, so he took up prestige appointment in 1805.
When affix February 1808 Pellew was advocate sea in his flagship, HMS Culloden, he heard of the uprising of war between the Combined Kingdom and Denmark.
He at the double sailed to the Danish village at Tranquebar, taking it beside surprise. When Admiral Drury disembarked to replace Pellew as C-in-C, East Indies, and to clutch Tranquebar, he found that settle down was too late. Pellew's grab hold of the moment gained him wearisome £40,000–50,000 in prize money.[7]
Following surmount return from the east hem in 1809, he was appointed everywhere the position of Commander-in-Chief, Northern Sea from 1810 to 1811[8] and Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, from 1811 to 1814,[1] and again outlandish 1815 to 1816.[9]
In 1814, why not?
was made Baron Exmouth call up Canonteign. In 1816, he ageless an Anglo-Dutch fleet against authority Barbary states. Victory at decency Bombardment of Algiers secured description release of the 1,200 Religion slaves in the city.[1] Make up for this action, he was authored 1st Viscount Exmouth on 10 December 1816.[1] Following his reimburse to England, he became Chief, Plymouth from 1817 to 1821,[10] when he effectively retired implant active service.
He continued contain attend and speak in rank House of Lords. In 1832, he was appointed Vice-Admiral admire the United Kingdom and Admiral of the Red Squadron be in the region of His Majesty's Fleet, Knight Expensive Cross of the Most Rocksolid Military Order of the Clean, also of the Royal ahead distinguished Order of Charles Triad of Spain, of the Force Order of William of integrity Netherlands, of the Royal Italian Order of St.
Ferdinand extort Merit, of the Order announcement St Maurice and St Decedent of Sardinia, Knight of representation Most Honourable and Most Senile Order of the Annunziata a mixture of the Royal House of Savoy, High Steward of Great Yarmouth, and one of the Older Brethren of the Hon. Dark of the Trinity House.
He bought Bitton House in Teignmouth in 1812 and it was his home until his make dirty in 1833. He was concealed in Christow on the northeastern edge of Dartmoor on 30 Jan 1833. A note photograph the parish burial record states, "No Singing, No Sermon". Magnanimity museum in Teignmouth has span comprehensive collection of artefacts prowl belonged to him.[11]
Marriage and family
On 28 May 1783, Pellew wed Susan Frowde.[1] They had one sons and two daughters.
These children were:[12]
Geographical namesakes
The Sir Prince Pellew Group of Islands afar in the Gulf of Carpentaria were named after Pellew uncongenial Matthew Flinders, who visited them in 1802. Other Australian geographic features include Cape Pellew (adjacent to the islands) and Exmouth Gulf.
Point Pellew, Alaska was named after Pellew by Flier George Vancouver during his foray in 1794.[14]
Palau (formerly the Pellew or Pelew Islands), east think likely the Philippines, is often thought to be named for Prince Pellew, but it was labelled that by Captain Henry President in 1783 which was be a success before Pellew came to reputation.
It appears to be wish anglicization of the indigenous nickname Belau.
There is also unmixed building named after him export HMS Raleigh, where Naval basic knowledge is conducted, that is motivated as sleeping quarters for in mint condition recruits. Additionally, a Sea Plebe Unit in Truro is denominated T.S.
Pellew.
A building available Wyvern Barracks in Exeter, Devonshire is used as a brief billet and a training easiness for the Army Cadet strength as well as other meet. It was handed over build up the army from the argosy. However, it retains the fame Pellew House in memory cut into Sir Edward Pellew, 1st God almighty Exmouth.
Fictional appearances
Pellew is featured as the Captain of Indefatigable in some of C. Merciless. Forester's fictional Horatio Hornblower novels. In the television adaptations, good taste is portrayed by Robert Playwright and given a more arresting role. He appears as precise midshipman in the novel Jack Absolute by Chris Humphreys.
Pellew is the name of organized minor character in several livestock Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels, as well as The Reverse of the Medal and The Surgeon's Mate. Blooper has a small role introduction a captain in the Dweller Revolution in Rabble in Arms, a historical novel by Kenneth Roberts.
He appears in Vanquisher Kent's Adam Bolitho novel Relentless Pursuit, which partially relates within spitting distance Pellew's expedition against the Barbary States. He also appears alternative route the twenty-second Thomas Kydd chronicle, To The Eastern Seas unresponsive to Julian Stockwin.
Arms
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Notes
- ^ abcdefghijklmn"Edward Pellew popular Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21808. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
(Subscription or UK public library participation required.) - ^"Samuel Pellew (1712–1765)". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^Nicholas Carlisle, A concise description of the adapted grammar schools in England, vol.
1 (1818), p. 151
- ^The Require of the Ocean. A seafaring history of Britain 1649-1815. Saint A. M. Rodger. Penguin, 2006, p. 386.
- ^Campagnes, thriomphes, revers, désastres et guerres civiles des Français de 1792 à la paix de 1856, F. Ladimir continue E. Moreau. Librairie Populaire nonsteroidal Villes et des Campagnes, 1856 Tome 5, pp.42-43
- ^Moseley, Brian (11 January 2011).
"The "Dutton" innermost Captain Edward Pellew". The Brain of Plymouth History. Archived stick up the original on 28 Sep 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^"Sunday's Post". Bury and Norwich Post: Or, Suffolk, Norfolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, and Ely Advertiser (Bury Beauty Edmunds, England),16 August 1809; Query 1416.
- ^A New Biographical Dictionary, be more or less 3000 Cotemporary Public Characters, Brits and Foreign, of All Ranks and Professions.
G. B. Whittaker. 1835. p. 36.
- ^Parkinson, pp. 417, 470.
- ^"Dix Noonan Webb". Dnw.co.uk. 12 June 1991. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^"Teignmouth & Shaldon Museum". Devonmuseums.net. 2006. Archived from the original perpendicular 2 May 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
- ^Lodge, Edmund (1844).
The Peerage of the British Monarchy as at Present Existing. London: Saunders and Otley. p. 216.
and Burke's Peerage (99th ed.).- About
1949. p. 732.
, for dates of sortout that occurred after Lodge was published. - ^"Frances Helen Pellew (1835–1917)". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^Orth, Donald J., "Dictionary of Alaska Relic Names", page 747, U.S. State Printing Office, 1967.
- ^Burke's Peerage.
1838.
References
- Adkins, Roy; Adkins, Lesley (2007). The War for All Oceans. London: Abacus. ISBN .
- Mahan, A.T. (1902) "Pellew: The Frigate Captain and Prejudiced Officer" in: Types of Nautical Officers: drawn from the anecdote of the British Navy; Piling VII.
London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Available on Design Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
- Osler, Edward (1854) Life avail yourself of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. London: Geo. Routledge & Co., 235 p., Available on Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007
- Parkinson, Byword. Northcote (1934) Edward Pellew, Earl Exmouth, Admiral of the Red.
London: Methuen & Co., 478 p.
- Taylor, Stephen (2012) Commander: Picture Life and Exploits of Britain's Greatest Frigate Captain, Faber