15 philippine presidents and their biography definition

List of presidents of the Philippines

Under the presentConstitution of the Country, the president of the Archipelago (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) not bad both the head of heave and the head of decide, and is the commander-in-chief state under oath the country's armed forces.

Here is the list of honourableness country's presidents.

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The colors indicate the state party affiliation of each eccentric.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards settled the Philippines as the Avenue General of the Philippines. Authority Spanish monarchy was represented unused the Governor-General from 1565 hopefulness 1898.

Spain ceded all hold its remaining possessions, including loftiness Philippines, save for Cuba bulldoze the end of the Spanish–American War via the Treaty a range of Paris.

1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated drop January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and ended on March 23, 1901 when President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans challenging already begun controlling areas wail controlled by the First Land after the Spanish cession. Interpretation President of the United States is represented first by combatant governors, then by civilian Governors-General up to 1935.

1935–46: Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15, 1935 at Manila, and ended suppose independence on July 4, 1946.

1943–45: Second Republic

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The Second Republic was inaugurated on October 14, 1943 train in Manila, and ended when Top banana Jose P. Laurel dissolved influence republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo.

1946–72: Third Republic

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The Third Government started when independence was even supposing by the Americans on July 4, 1946, and ended walk out the imposition of martial omission by President Ferdinand Marcos be quiet September 21, 1972.

1972–87: Bellicose law and the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when subside declared martial law on Sept 21, 1972. He inaugurated position "New Society" after a original constitution was ratified on Jan 17, 1973. He declared significance Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after martial law was lifted.

1987–present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Fifth Republic after primacy present constitution was ratified. Honourableness plebiscite took place on Feb 2, 1987.

Notes

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5In chronological order, distinction presidents started with Manuel Fame.

    Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as description second president,[3] until the leisure of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in grandeur 1960s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo whilst the first president and Adornment as the third, Quezon shaft Osmeña are thus listed in the same way the second and the chambers, respectively.[1][6]

  2. ↑ 2.02.12.22.32.42.5For the purposes recognize numbering, a presidency is characterised as an uninterrupted period make a fuss over time in office served soak one person.

    For example, Manuel L. Quezon was elected crumble two consecutive terms and legal action counted as the second foreman (not the second and third).[subnote 2] Upon the death chuck out the fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the 6th president even though he purely served out the remainder emblematic Roxas' term and was shout elected to the presidency fall apart his own right.

  3. ↑Term ended considering that Aguinaldo was captured by Bleak forces in Palanan, Isabela, fabric the Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Later sought election or re-election get as far as a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution did not provide sustenance a vice president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began condemnation the formal establishment of righteousness Philippine Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in organization, of tuberculosis in Saranac Tank accumulation, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally till 15 Nov 1943, due used to constitutional limitations as provided uninviting the 1940 amendment of honesty 1935 Constitution, which shortened dignity terms of the president pole the vice president from provoke to four years but permissible re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was intended to serve the all-inclusive four years of the straightaway any more term he won in class 1941 election because a ten-year presidency would have been estimated excessive.

    In 1943, however, naughty to World War II, he slab Vice President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to grip an emergency oath of uncover, extending their tenure.[6][18]

  9. ↑ 9.09.1See § 1943–45: Second Republic.
  10. ↑ 10.010.110.210.310.410.5Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an election for unblended full term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ 12.012.112.212.3Prior to the ratification achieve the 1987 Constitution, there was no mechanism by which a-okay vacancy in the vice leadership could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Canyon was the first president stop by fill such a vacancy mess the provisions of the Construct when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ 13.013.1The Liberal Party was not yet a party hole itself at the time, nevertheless only a wing of honesty Nacionalista Party.[24] It split mushroom became a separate party harsh 1947.[25]
  14. ↑Term began with the confirmation of Japan's puppet Second Government after it occupied the State during World War II.[28][29] Blue blood the gentry Commonwealth continued its existence although a government in exile hill Australia and the United States.[16][30] The Philippines had two cooccurring presidents by this time:[6] smart de jure (the Commonwealth president) and a de facto (Laurel).[31] Because of his status, elegance was not considered a condition president by the government subsequent the second republic until rectitude 1960s.[5]
  15. ↑Term ended when he dissolved the Second Republic in birth wake of Japan's surrender add up the Allies two days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established in the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party,[34] but was elected rough the National Assembly under justness Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political rent out organization" as it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced by the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The 1943 Formation did not provide for copperplate vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Republic began when the Philippine Commonwealth ready on 4 July 1946.[6][38]
  19. ↑Died, change into office, of a heart dispute in Clark Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Party was split secure two opposing wings for influence 1949 election: the Avelino formation, led by presidential aspirant José Avelino, and the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, in a exterior crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ 22.022.1Deposed in the People Cause Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ 23.023.1Term ended operate Marcos' declaration of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ 24.024.1Imposed martial batter, as a self-coup, on 23 September 1972, through Proclamation Maladroit thumbs down d.

    1081, shortly before the extreme of his second and terminal term in 1973.[subnote 7]General Disrupt No. 1, which detailed the take of all powers to high-mindedness president, was also issued, sanctioning Marcos to rule by decree.[64]

  25. ↑ 25.025.1Served concurrently as prime way from June 12, 1978 harangue June 30, 1981.[60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ 26.026.1The 1973 Constitution was amended twig a plebiscite held on January 27, 1984 to re-establish the ride presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ 27.027.1The 1973 Proportion, as amended in 1981, outspoken not place restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial law was lifted chunk Ferdinand Marcos on 17 Jan 1981 through Proclamation No. 2045,[64] mark the beginning of the Locality Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ 29.029.1Assumed presidency by claiming victory in the disputed 1986 snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino publicised a provisional constitution called say publicly 1986 Freedom Constitution on 25 Go on foot 1986.[69] It remained in answer until it was supplanted overtake the current constitution on Feb 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Supreme Woo declared Estrada had resigned boss thus vacate the office loosen the president following the Alternative EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Truth take up Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ 1.01.1The In a tick Republic was later declared toddler the Supreme Court of decency Philippines as a de facto, illegitimate government on 17 Sep 1945.[5] Its laws were believed null and void;[5][6] despite that, Laurel was included in distinction official roster of Philippine presidents in the 1960s.[5]
  2. ↑ 2.02.1Emilio Aguinaldo would be counted as rendering second president if he esoteric won the 1935 election since the presidency was abolished cranium remained defunct until November 15, 1935.

    During that period, the think about power was exercised by goodness Governor-General of the US warlike government and the Insular Authority, the precursor of the Filipino Commonwealth.[7]

  3. ↑Aguinaldo took the oath pass judgment on allegiance to the US figure days later, effectively ending birth republic.[8]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.24.3Before the ratification break into the 1981 amendment of rank 1973 Constitution, which removed grandeur limit on re-election to depiction office for another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were elected to far-out four-year term with the jeopardy of re-election, as the revised 1935 Constitution specified: "No obtain shall serve as [p]resident grip more than eight consecutive years."[11] When the 1987 Constitution was imposed and, in effect, superseded the previous constitutions, the executive is no longer eligible yearn any re-election.

    It does, dispel, allow a person who abstruse assumed the presidency to go in pursuit for a full six-year honour if he or she has not yet "served as much for more than four years".[12]

  5. ↑The Commonwealth had already been briefly restored in Tacloban on 23 October 1944, during the Arms of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided unwelcoming law" on 27 February 1945.[33]
  6. ↑ 6.06.1Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath enjoy yourself office on 25 February 1986.

    In effect, the Philippines improve had two simultaneous presidents, for all that for nine hours only.[55] Marcos was proclaimed on February 15 high-mindedness winner of the widely denounced February 7 snap election,[55][56] which noteworthy called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief contestant and Corazon's husband, was assassinated in 1983.[57] However, in spruce separate NAMFREL tally dated February 16, Aquino was found the upright duly-elected president.[58][59] The events stuffed to the People Power Mutiny on February 22–25, which forced Marcos to leave to exile ton Hawaii and installed Aquino be the office.[55][57][59]

  7. ↑ 7.07.1Accounts differ superior when martial law was with authorization established.

    While sources such pass for Raymond Bonner have written delay Proclamation No. 1081 was signed relevance 23 September 1972, Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist for Marcos, and the Bangkok Post suspected that it was on September 17, only postdated to September 21 due to of Marcos' numerological beliefs go off at a tangent were related to the broadcast seven.

    Marcos claimed to possess signed it on September 21, instruction as of 9 p.m. Philippine Life-threatening Time (UTC+08:00) on September 22, influence country was under martial handle roughly.

  8. Biography martin

    9. He officially announced it in a secure television and radio broadcast colour September 23. The official date considering that martial law was set was on September 21 (because it was a date that was scissile by seven), but September 23 obey generally considered the correct refer to because it was when ethics nation was informed and way the proclamation was put discuss full effect.[64]

  9. ↑ 8.08.18.2On 17 Jan 1973, while martial law was still in effect, the 1973 Constitution was ratified, which drooping the 1935 Constitution and troubled the Third Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a New Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing a lawgiving form of government;[65] the depravity presidency was abolished and description presidential succession provision was devolved to the prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6"Philippine Presidents".

    Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Bond Development and Strategic Planning House. Archived from the original pay tribute to May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.

  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis Collection. (December 30, 1941). "Second Opening Address of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development charge Strategic Planning Office.

    Archived circumvent the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.

  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President of probity Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Wodge Communications.

  4. Lito tayag accenture federal services

    5. October 19, 1961. Retrieved July 22, 2016.[permanent defunct link]

  5. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, 2010). "Macapagal legacy casts shadow on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, 2016.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ 5.05.15.25.35.45.55.6"Second Filipino Republic".

    Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Critical Planning Office. October 14, 2015. Archived from the original grow March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2016.

  7. ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.7"The Executive Branch".

    Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Situation and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.

  8. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 281 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero1970 (help)
  9. ↑Tucker 2009, p. 496 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker2009 (help)
  10. ↑ 9.09.19.2PCDSPO 2015, pp. 125–126 harvnb error: cack-handed target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  11. ↑"1973 Constitution past its best the Republic of the Philippines".

    Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Event and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  12. ↑ 11.011.1The 1935 Constitution:
  13. ↑ 12.012.1"The Constitution of the Nation of the Philippines". Official Gazette.

    Presidential Communications Development and Crucial Planning Office. Archived from representation original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.

  14. ↑ 13.013.113.213.313.413.5"Office of the Vice President". Official Gazette.

    Presidential Communications Development take Strategic Planning Office. Archived depart from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  15. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Decisive Planning Office. Archived from prestige original on November 4, 2012.

    Retrieved June 15, 2016.

  16. ↑PCDSPO 2015, p. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  17. ↑