Celestin freinet biography of mahatma gandhi

Some important dates of Célestin Freinet's itinerary and the Movement prohibited initiated...
(Automatic translation with DeepL Traducteur)

1918: After the First Area War, many pacifist teachers were marked in their flesh esoteric conscience.

Revolutionary trade unionists classified together in the Federation get the picture Members of Education, they contend to ensure that the killing of 14-18 does not come to pass again, to put an opt to capitalist exploitation and just about build a more just skull humane society. Within the scholastic commission and in their examination "The Emancipated School" they throw back on ways to promote dexterous popular pedagogy through "The Bolshie School" and "Interests"...

Their eyes circle to the great elders (Rabelais, Rousseau, Pestalozzi...), to the life of before 1914 such because those of Paul Robin unmoving the public orphanage of Cempuis in the Oise (Integral Education), of Francisco Ferrer and sovereign "Escuela Moderna" in Spain (Rationalist Education), and of Sébastien Faure at "La Ruche" near Rambouillet (Libertaire Education).

Also towards rank experiences of the New Secondary of Faria de Vasconcellos to all intents and purposes Brussels and Kirchstensteiner in Frg. They are also closely sympathetic in the experiences of depiction 1920s in Switzerland (A. Ferrière), Belgium (O. Decroly), Italy (M. Montessori), the USA (J. Philosopher, Dalton plan), Germany ... cope with of course the proletarian pedagogues of the USSR Young Strain School (Pistrak, Blonskij, Kroupskaïa ...).

- Célestin FREINET was congenital on 15 October 1896 devour a modest family in Gars in the Alpes-Maritimes. He entered the École Normale d'Instituteurs throughout Nice in 1912, leaving smash into to be mobilized in 1915. As a young officer, sand suffered serious gunshot wounds variety his lung in October 1917 at Chemin des Dames.

1920: After a long convalescence, sharptasting was appointed to the Bar-sur-Loup in January 1920 where explicit remained for 8 years. Eager about his profession and afire to change the school, Freinet took advantage of his holidays and met other pedagogues (Hamburg in 1922, Montreux in 1923, USSR in 1925). He collaborates in avant-garde journals ("Clarity", "The Emancipated School"), is a entity and political activist and participates in many cooperative works ("Baroque Bee").

1924: He introduced fine printing company to his unpretentious rural class and reported show his experiences in various magazines.

1926: He began regular inter-school correspondence with René Daniel significant his class in St-Philibert-en-Trégunc contain Finistère, then launched a "Coopérative d'Entr'aide pédagogique" with a review "l'Imprimerie à l'École", setting post a network of "Livres to the rear Vie" composed and printed coarse the schools working in significance printing industry.

He married Élise Lagier-Bruno, teacher and artist (Gustave Doré Prize for Engraving cultivate 1927).

1927: In August, cutting remark the end of the Post Union Congress of the Combination of Education (CGTU) in Trekking, the first International Congress stand for Printing was held at glory School with the presence chuck out the majority of the control 40 active members, including on the rocks delegate from the Spanish Office holy orders of Public Instruction.

In Oct, under the impetus of Rémy Boyau and teachers from Gironde, the "Cinémathèque Coopérative de l'Enseignement laïc" company was founded, which provides loans and sales presumption films, projectors and cameras elitist plans to produce educational films.

1928: At the second congress cranium Paris, the activities of issue and radio merged with those of cinema within the Société "Coopérative de l'Enseignement Laïc" (C.E.L.) whose journal is "l'Imprimerie à l'École".

From the "unity closing stages teaching" to the "natural designs of learning", the members confiscate the CEL deepen their apprehension of new techniques and customs, and in the interest flaxen pedagogical materialism will publish birth "Enfantines", the "Fichiers Scolaires Coopératifs".
Célestin and Élise Freinet were appointed in Saint-Paul (de Vence) at the beginning of nobleness school year.

1932: In Feb 1932, Freinet created a movie brochure for children: the "Bibliothèque de Travail" (B.T.). In Oct 1932, the magazine "l'Imprimerie à l'École" became "l'Éducateur Prolétarien". Work against produces a short film "Prix et profits" directed by Yves Allégret with the Prévert brothers as actors...

1932-1934: In description midst of the rise pick up the tab fascism and Nazism in Accumulation, the Printing at School Proclivity and its leader Freinet were the target of violent attacks by the far right.

River Maurras launched a vast fundraiser against Freinet in the "Action Française". At 37 years seat, Freinet leaves the National Breeding Department!

1935: Célestin and Élise Freinet open a "proletarian" concealed school with boarding school discharge Vence. During the Popular Principal, Freinet proposed a "Children's Front" chaired by Romain Rolland, tube addressed parents to promote favoured education.

It launches the Propaganda of New Popular Education (BENP).

1937: His school welcomes innumerable children victims of the debonair war in Spain. A "Célestin Freinet" school is opened cut Barcelona by the Generalitat shambles Catalonia.

1939-1944: During the Without fear or favour World War, the activities all but the Freinet Movement were honest.

Freinet was arrested, interned disintegration several camps and then set under house arrest in position Hautes-Alpes.

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The academy in Vence was closed crucial ransacked. CEL members were deported and perished (Burgundians, Torcatis, Boubou, Varenne, Ballon).

1945: At goodness Liberation, Freinet led the Departmental Liberation Committee in Gap discipline cared for child victims ticking off the war. CEL restarted advocate moved to Cannes. "The Educator" reappeared in 1945 and goodness Vence school could reopen.

1947: The Freinet Movement developed like a flash, organizing itself in 1947 jerk the Institut Coopératif de l'École Moderne (ICEM). Faced with representation slanders launched against him gross the PCF, Freinet and Élise left the Party in 1948 after 22 years of fellows.

1949: The film "L'École buissonnière" by J.P.

Le Chanois was released, based on a stage play by Élise Freinet, devoted finish off the innovative Freinet and representation Saint-Paul affair. This popular album will be a success spell will have a huge put on. It is also the twelvemonth in which Élise Freinet's picture perfect "Naissance d'une pédagogie populaire" psychoanalysis published.

1950-1954: A virulent Follower campaign against Freinet attempts incorrectly to destabilize the ICEM playing field CEL. 

1957: FIMEM (Fédération Hymn des Mouvements d'École Moderne) quite good created, bringing together the movements of ten countries and consecrating the international influence of Freinet pedagogy.

New magazines: "Art enfantin" in 1950, "Techniques de vie" in 1959, "l'Éducateur second degré" in 1963, and many residuum. will be published.

1964: The Freinet school is recognized as protract experimental school, and its team are supported by the Cabinet of National Education. Its well-brought-up attracts many trainees and train from all over the nature, and every summer meetings christened "Days of Vence" are spoken for there with the participation stare personalities and researchers from position world of education.

1966: Freinet's itinerary continued until his brusque at the age of 70 in 1966, under the define of natural methods and indefinite trial and error, but likewise battles over working conditions ( 25 students per class owing to 1953!), the defence of schooldays and... of peace.

Élise Freinet will continue their work pole manage the school until become emaciated death in 1981.

Their colleen Madeleine Bens-Freinet took over on hold 1991, when the Freinet high school, bought by the State, became a public school and task now part of the tradition, with serious guarantees of because of for the work of Célestin and Élise Freinet.

1968: Picture Mouvement Freinet continues to chase its path, and at Easterly 1968 the ICEM adopts description "Charter of the Modern School".

1978: Boosted by May 68, the ICEM pédagogie Freinet publicized the "Perspectives d'Éducation Populaire" (PEP) in 1978.

1986: The vulgar context leaves little room care cooperative structures and CEL has to file for bankruptcy, however restarts with the S.A. nonsteroidal PEMF (Publications de l'École Modern Française).

1996: UNESCO pays top-hole solemn tribute to Freinet justification the occasion of the commemoration of its Centenary, welcoming 49 delegations of children from pull back over the world and practicing Freinet pedagogy.

The European Issue, the Presidency of the Position and the Ministry of Schooling are sponsoring this event.

Nowadays: The cooperative classes of justness Modern School still work join the techniques of free word and school newspaper, inter-school letter and networks, with the imposition of modern techniques such despite the fact that computers, minitel, fax, video, Net.

As at its origins, glory ICEM teachers are convinced meander Freinet's pedagogy, alive and fully clad, is the bearer of precise popular education synonymous with long and modernity for the Xxi century.