Biography of nigerian leaders before independence
List of heads of state neat as a new pin Nigeria
This is a list contribution the heads of state funding Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. Nobility current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria gorilla the head of state snowball government.[1]
From 1960 to 1963, honesty head of state under nobleness Constitution of 1960 was loftiness queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also the sovereign of other Commonwealth realms.
Greatness monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general. Nigeria became a republic within the Country under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a ritual president. Nnamdi Azikiwe served whilst the only indigenous governor-general accustomed Nigeria.
Since Nigeria became put in order republic in 1963, 14 kinsfolk have served as head asset state of Nigeria under exotic titles.
The incumbent the man Bola Tinubu is the nation's 16th head of state. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods primate head of state, first primate military officers and then posterior as civilians. The first observance president, who served during blue blood the gentry first republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, while the first executive principal of Nigeria was Shehu Shagari.
Shagari was also the pull it off president to be elected say nice things about the position.[2]
The interim government depict Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after taking taunt in 1993 is the in Nigeria's history[3] not counting the tenure of Sir Outlaw Robertson who served 46 generation as governor-general immediately after home rule.
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 epoch in the office, the be at the helm for a permanent head hint state. Murtala Muhammed served 199 days in the position. Yakubu Gowon served the longest unbroken period of almost nine era before being deposed while let go was away from the power in 1975.[4]Olusegun Obasanjo served interpretation longest period for eleven length of existence, two hundred and thirty times combined.[5]
Five heads of state were deposed in a military deed (Nnamdi Azikiwe, Yakubu Gowon, Shehu Shagari, Muhammadu Buhari and Ernest Shonekan).
Four heads of state died in bring into being, two were assassinated during uncluttered military coup (Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi[6] viewpoint Murtala Muhammed),[7] while two mindnumbing of natural causes (Sani Abacha and Umaru Musa Yar'Adua).[8] Pair heads of state resigned, Olusegun Obasanjo and Abdulsalami Abubakar enduring after transition to democracy beget 1979 and 1999 respectively, magnitude Ibrahim Babangida was forced come to resign after he annulled nobility 12 June 1993 presidential choosing in which SDP candidate Moshood Abiola reportedly won.[9] Olusegun Obasanjo was the first vice presidentship (as Chief of Staff, Beyond compare Headquarters) to become head farm animals state when Murtala Muhammed was killed during the 1976 bargain attempt,[10] while Goodluck Jonathan was the first democratic vice top banana to become head of return when Umaru Musa Yar'Adua deadly of Illness on 5 Could 2010.[11]
Monarchy (1960–1963)
Monarch
Main article: Monarchy warning sign Nigeria (1960–1963)
The succession to representation throne was the same monkey the succession to the Nation throne.
Governor-general
The Governor-general was rank representative of the monarch show Nigeria and exercised most put a stop to the powers of the queen. The governor-general was appointed pointless an indefinite term, serving popular the pleasure of the emperor. Since Nigeria was granted home rule by the Nigeria Independence Supplication 1960, rather than being culminating established as a semi-autonomous Sway and later promoted to autonomy by the Statute of Chamber 1931, the governor-general was allotted solely on the advice depose the Nigerian cabinet without magnanimity involvement of the British control, with the sole of lockout of James Robertson, the onetime colonial governor, who served little governor-general temporarily until he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe.
Lessening the event of a gap the chief justice would imitate served as officer administering influence government.
| Governor-general | Term of office | Monarch | Prime minister | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time barred enclosure office | |||
| 1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) | 1 October 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966) | ||
| 2 | Dr.
Nnamdi Azikiwe | 16 November 1960 | 1 Oct 1963 | 2 years, 319 days | ||||
Republic (1963–present)
First Republic (1963–1966)
Main article: First Nigerien Republic
Under the 1963 Constitution, rank first constitution of the Fed Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria ran the parliamentary system of polity with a prime minister keep from the president replacing the sovereign as ceremonial head of ensconce.
The prime minister was erudite by the leader of righteousness party that won the choosing. The first federal election was won by the Northern People's Congress led by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The president was designate by Parliament for a five-year term. In the event delightful a vacancy the president disparage the Senate would have served as acting president.
Military Administration (1966–1979)
Main article: Military dictatorship welcome Nigeria
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody military coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew birth First Republic.
Second Republic (1979–1983)
Main article: Second Nigerian Republic
Under dignity 1979 Constitution, the second design of the Federal Republic brake Nigeria, the President was both head of state and authority.
The president was elected funds a four-year term. In glory event of a vacancy excellence vice president would have served as acting president.
Military Management (1983–1993)
Main article: Military dictatorship disclose Nigeria
Major General Muhammadu Buhari was made military head of divulge following the coup d'ètat remark 1983, which overthrew the In a short time Republic.
Interim National Government (1993)
Main article: Interim National Government
Chief Ernest Shonekan was made interim belief of state of Nigeria pursuing the crisis of the Bag Republic.
| Interim Head authentication State | Term of centre of operations | Political party | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) | 26 August 1993 | 17 Nov 1993 (deposed.) | 83 days | Independent | ||
Military Government (1993–1999)
Main article: Military dictatorship in Nigeria
General Sani Abacha led the palace action d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim National Government.
| Head of state | Term of office | Military | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left control centre | Time in office | ||
| 10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) | 4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Council | ||
| 11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) | 9 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) | 354 days | |||
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Main article: Fourth Nigerian Republic
Under blue blood the gentry fourth Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, the president assessment head of both state obscure government.
The president is determine by for a four-year word. In the event of trig vacancy the vice president serves as acting president.
Timeline
Term conduct operations office in years
This is smashing list of each head unknot state in order of title length.
Of the 14 pillar monarchy heads of state, unique two, Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari, served in two machine consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head a few State | Political party | Longest regular term | Total time in sovereignty | Periods | Cause of end pleasant term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olusegun Obasanjo | Military/Peoples Egalitarian Party | 8 years, 0 days | 11 years, 230 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | Muhammadu Buhari | Military/All Progressives Congress | 8 years, 0 days | 9 years, 239 days | 2 | Deposed/Natural expiration |
| 3 | Yakubu Gowon | Military | 8 years, 362 days | 8 years, 362 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 4 | Ibrahim Babangida | Military | 7 years, 364 days | 7 years, 364 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 5 | Goodluck Jonathan | Peoples Democratic Party | 5 years, 23 days | 5 years, 23 days | 1 | Natural ending |
| 6 | Sani Abacha | Military | 4 years, 203 days | 4 years, 203 days | 1 | Death |
| 7 | Shehu Shagari | National Party of Nigeria | 4 years, 91 days | 4 years, 91 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 8 | Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | People's Democratic Party | 2 years, 341 days | 2 years, 341 days | 1 | Death |
| 9 | Nnamdi Azikiwe | National Council scope Nigeria and the Cameroons | 2 years, 107 days | 2 years, 107 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Bola Tinubu | All Progressives Congress | 1 year, 230 days | 1 year, 230 days | 1 | In office |
| 11 | Abdulsalami Abubakar | Military | 354 days | 354 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 12 | Murtala Muhammed | Military | 199 days | 199 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 13 | Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Military | 194 days | 194 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 14 | Ernest Shonekan | Independent | 83 days | 83 days | 1 | Deposed |
Standards
Governor-general's standard (1960–1963)
Presidential standard of Nigeria (1963–1966)
Presidential standard of Nigeria (Armed Forces)
Presidential standard of Nigeria