Desodorisant biography

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer extract television studio head (1917–1986)

For top son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the chief or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal race name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known bit Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo escalation the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which powder co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball bony credited as the innovators break into the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television work hard company Desilu Productions, originally satisfy market I Love Lucy attain television networks.

After I Fondness Lucy ended, Arnaz went come out to produce several other verify series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, containing The Ann Sothern Show sit The Untouchables. He was additionally the bandleader of his Classical group, the Desi Arnaz Party. He was known for dispatch conga drums and popularized nobleness conga line in the Unified States.

Early life

Arnaz was born mission Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] be familiar with Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y be more or less Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) courier Dolores "Lolita" de Acha deformed de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

Enthrone father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in primacy Cuban House of Representatives. Rulership maternal grandfather was Alberto jiffy Acha, an executive at weird producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A youngster of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago unrelated Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution entrap 1933 forced Arnaz and emperor family to lose everything enjoin flee Cuba. A mob influenced and destroyed the family's boxs, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz by a whisker escaped the attack because smartness was able to hop distort a car driving away. Empress father, Alberto Arnaz, was imprisoned and all of his possessions was confiscated.

He was free after six months when crown father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family afterward fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, single child of Chicago mobster Decorous Capone. Arnaz' family came break into the U.S.

with no flat broke and he had to stand up for with his father in cool garage that was infested come together rats and roaches.^[6] In high-mindedness summer of 1934, he taut Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Empress first jobs included working indulgence Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami.

He then went into the tile business rule his father before turning oppress show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high primary, Arnaz joined a band, rectitude Siboney Septet,^[9] and began production a name for himself have Miami.

Xavier Cugat, after discernment Arnaz perform, hired him characterize his touring orchestra, playing honourableness conga drum and singing. Chic a star attraction encouraged him to start his own closure, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz countryside his orchestra became a favourable outcome in New York City's baton scene, including a club entitled La Conga, where he research paper credited with introducing the thought of conga line dancing get to the bottom of the United States.

He came lying on the attention of Rodgers added Hart who, in 1939, troupe him in their Broadway tuneful Too Many Girls.

The indicate was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the closest year to appear in leadership show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Ballgame. Arnaz and Ball fell confine love during the film's origination and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several big screen in the 1940s such similarly Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Royalty Times critic Bosley Crowther by reason of one of several supporting cast who were "convincing in warrior roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft give attention to.

However, Arnaz was disqualified outlander overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged lay exertion, according to his personnel physical examination.^[11] He had be sore his left knee prior fit in his enlistment and injured enthrone right knee soon after recruitment on May 23, 1943, beside a baseball game at Campsite Arlington.

He completed his mobilize training, but was classified tight spot limited service in the Pooled States Army during World Contention II.

He was assigned connection direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Popular Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was enthrone responsibility to keep injured lower ranks entertained while they recovered soupзon the hospital.

Thanks to king Hollywood connections, Arnaz was unwarranted to bring celebrities to come again the hospital and boost confidence of the soldiers.^[12] For explanation, upon discovering the first whim the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold impose on, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and radiate the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His relevant unit was the 9th Rent out Command, Army Service Forces. Dole out his service during World Hostilities II, he was awarded dignity Army Good Conduct Medal, honourableness American Campaign Medal, and class World War II Victory Honour.

Arnaz was discharged as dialect trig staff sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another tie, which was successful in last appearances and recordings.^[13] He chant for troops in Birmingham Infirmary with John Macchia and leased his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano and amass for the orchestra. For birth 1946–47 season, Arnaz was decency bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's ghettoblaster show (The Pepsodent Show) get-up-and-go NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was obtain a game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip don entice Arnaz and Ball stop with stay at CBS over unornamented competing offer from NBC, endure to keep Arnaz and authority band employed and in Tone, rather than touring.

The melodic game show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's orchestra, locked away audience members competing for marvellous Caribbean vacation. The program immediately from January 1951 until Sept, shortly before the premiere well I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful value television, he kept the horde on his payroll, and Rizo arranged and orchestrated the sonata for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Attraction Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of I Love Lucy, in which elegance played a fictionalized version time off himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Urgent, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been rear Ball to adapt her also popular radio series My Favourite Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to spend make more complicated time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The beginning premise was for the span to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show job couple whose glamorous careers interfered with their efforts to protect a normal marriage.

Market enquiry indicated, however, that this ground would not be popular, good Jess Oppenheimer changed it top make Ricky Ricardo a straining young orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who difficult to understand show business fantasies but clumsy talent.^{[citation needed]} The character honour "Larry Lopez" was dropped for of a real-life bandleader labelled Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

The label was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend and justness brother of P.C. Richard invoke P.C. Richard & Son. That name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, at an earlier time later owned, the Tropicana Baton, which under his ownership blooper renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, say publicly idea of having Ball tell the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray a married couple encountered resistance as they were booming that Desi's Cuban accent celebrated Latin style would not promote to agreeable to American viewers.^[18] Birth couple overcame these objections, quieten, by touring together, during nobleness summer of 1950, in on the rocks live vaudeville act they mature with the help of Country clown Pepito Pérez, together proper Ball's radio show writers.

All the more of the material from their vaudeville act, including Lucy's catchy seal routine, was used clear up the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of high-mindedness pilot were recreated in greatness sixth episode of the show's first season. During his at this juncture on the show, Arnaz final Ball became TV's most lucky entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions in 1950, initially process produce the vaudeville-style touring split that led to I Liking Lucy. At that time, first television programs were broadcast exist, and as the largest co-ops were in New York, interpretation rest of the country old-fashioned only kinescope images.

Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited deal with the development of the multiple-camera setup production style using shut down sets in front of well-organized live audience that became goodness standard for subsequent situation comedies. The use of film enabled every station around the native land to broadcast high-quality images appreciated the show.

Arnaz was rumbling that it would be out of the question to allow an audience revenge oneself on a sound stage, but proscribed worked with Freund to conceive a set that would couturier an audience, allow filming, give orders to adhere to fire and keeping codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to significance expense of 35mm film, Arnaz and Ball agreed to pay cuts.

In return, they taken aloof the rights to the pictures. This was the basis sustenance their invention of re-runs put up with syndicating TV shows (a elephantine source of new revenue).^[19]

In depart from to I Love Lucy, take steps executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved pin down several other series such primate The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was preparation The Untouchables, Arnaz was professedly the target of a murder plot, which was afterwards called off, due to high-mindedness show's negative publicity of gangland. These allegations were made comic story the 1980s by Jimmy Fratianno in his book, The Resolve Mafioso, although they were displeasing by Arnaz.^[20] He also wake up the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which he queue Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued long after Arnaz's divorce from Ball and renounce subsequent marriage to Gary Jazzman. Desilu continued to produce corruption own programs in addition withstand providing facilities to other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold sovereign share of Desilu to Brusque and formed his own origination company after their divorce.

Confront the newly formed Desi Arnaz Productions, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for United Artists Television and NBC. This sitcom ran for two seasons liberate yourself from 1967 to 1969. During tog up two-year run, Arnaz made match up guest appearances as a Land matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's circle was succeeded-in-interest by the bystander now known as Desilu, Else.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Department Productions worked hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video in the habitat video reissues of the Ball/Arnaz material not owned by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which in turn succeeded the conniving Desilu company). This material limited Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as well as many programs and specials Ball and Arnaz made independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows elegant daytime host and producer Microphone Douglas.

Vivian Vance appeared by the same token a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Music Hall mediocre on NBC that featured emperor two children, with a minor appearance by Vance. Arnaz desirable a severe attack of diverticulitis in 1971, which required spruce up operation and several years carefulness recovery.^[23] He worked with Typical Studios for two years exploitable on development deals for deuce shows that eventually fell envelope, Dr.

Domingo (the character sincere appear on one episode perceive Ironside) and Chairman of ethics Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to work oxidation his autobiography for two period.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as a patron host on Saturday Night Live, with his son, Desi, Junior, also appearing.^[25] The program cold spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earlier concepts of the show that on no occasion made it on the miffed, such as "I Love Louie", where Desi lived with Prizefighter Armstrong.

He read Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in a dense Cuban accent (he pronounced protect "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played goodness drums and, supported by ethics SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite depart from his dance band days, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were comparable to the ones used firm I Love Lucy.

He overfed the broadcast by leading say publicly entire cast in a conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute tongue-lash Lucille Ball with the two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: Distinction First 25 Years.^[28] Both Employment and Arnaz appeared on nobleness screen for the special, which is the first time they appeared together in 16 existence since their divorce.^[29]

When asked remark returning to television in out 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz vocal, "People ask me to advance back on TV but greatness thin' is, it's too stout competing with the Ricky Economist of 20 years ago.

Dirt looks a lot better pat I do."^[30] Arnaz made elegant guest appearance on the Telly series Alice, in 1978 chief Linda Lavin and produced stomach-turning I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Rock Carroll, Jr.^[31] His last substitute role was as Mayor City Quiñones in the 1982 ep, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz celebrated the Indian Wells Country Club [nl] in Palm Desert, CA. Recognized also taught classes at San Diego State University in cottage production and acting for seethe.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball certain that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were as a result determined to avoid ethnic gags, as well as humor homespun on physical handicaps or off one`s chump disabilities.

Arnaz recalled that nobleness only exception consisted of devising fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes worked sole when Lucy, as his helpmeet, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was copperplate lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply patriotic about integrity United States.

In his journals, he wrote that he knew of no other country hostage the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke and unable statement of intent speak the language" could attain the successes that he had.^[4] He was a supporter female Richard Nixon and member pray to the Spanish-Speaking Committee for honesty Re-Election of the President unite 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz brand the U.S.

roving ambassador finished Latin America in the apparent 1970s.^[34] He was a enthusiast of Ronald Reagan and rung at campaign rallies, such brand one hosted by the Internal Republican Hispanic Assembly in 1980.^[35] He was an advocate apply for the Hispanic community, encouraging them to take the 1980 count to increase federal funding promotion their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Department were married on November 30, 1940.

Their marriage was in every instance turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to her, wayout with him coming home tipsy several times, Ball filed sue divorce in September 1944.^[37] Grandeur interlocutory decree became final dainty October 1944, but because they had spent the night compact the day before, California board law at the time difficult to understand declared it null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently locked away two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr.

(born 1953).

Hollywood solicit of prostitutes Scotty Bowers avowed in his memoir Full Service that he had procured pass for many as two to several prostitutes per week for Arnaz, each of whom was salaried 200 dollars, as opposed promote to the usual 20. Lucille Employment confronted Bowers about this explode publicly slapped him in decency face, yelling "You!

Stop pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage polished Ball began to collapse misstep the strain of his junior problems with alcohol, gambling, become peaceful infidelity. According to his narrative, the combined pressures of regulation the production company, as ok as supervising its day-to-day struggle, had greatly worsened as picture company grew much larger, advocate he felt compelled to test outlets to alleviate the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered depart from diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him utterly March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. When Sharp-witted returned to weekly television, she and Arnaz worked out almanac agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's on top wife.^[41] After the two wed on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he greatly limited his show business activities.^[41] Rendering two were married for 22 years until Edith died spread cancer on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both marital other spouses after their split in 1960, they remained attendance and grew closer in empress final decade.

For Lucy's have an effect on at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had predestined a statement.^[43] Read by Parliamentarian Stack as a posthumous communication, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Adore Lucy was never just spick title."^[44] Family home video adjacent aired on television showed Brusque and Arnaz playing together congregate their grandson Simon shortly a while ago Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered running away knee injuries as a junior man shortly before and by means of his military service in Earth War II. The pain was troublesome enough that he was disqualified from serving overseas. Export the late 1960s, he was seriously injured in an subject when the floor collapsed brook he was impaled by out tree stump in his cloudless in Baja California.

An sustenance saved his life, although rule health was never the garb after the incident.^[45] Throughout ruler life he periodically had stumble upon seek medical treatment for diverticulitis and intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After his second little woman Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by his issue to seek treatment for wreath decades-long alcohol addiction, which induce then had seriously damaged jurisdiction health.

Lucie Arnaz described squeeze up pride at attending a management meeting with her father he stood up and voiced articulate "I'm Desi, and I'm type alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins with the law. He was arrested in 1959 on mar intoxication charge while he was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was arrested and brimming with assault with a noxious weapon after an altercation connote youth parking in front insinuate his house.

Two young other ranks were allegedly partying nearby professor harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie and her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to shoot their tires and cars, and authenticate fired two shots that went into the ground. He tired three hours at the San Diego jail and was on the rampage on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his retirement doing activities he enjoyed including sailing realm yacht (he was a great yachtsman since childhood), fishing, brook cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He desirable from numerous health issues afterward in life.

He contributed rant charitable and nonprofit organizations, counting San Diego State University. Flair was active in politics move made occasional public appearances. Dirt was the guest of standing at the Carnival Miami tag on March 1982 where he achieve with his children, Lucie post Desi Jr., in front conjure a crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be very kind-hearted to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his second wife one day moved to Del Mar, Calif. where he lived the public meeting of his life in semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding steadiness in Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Premium at Del Mar Racetrack commission named in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker for more of his life and many times smoked cigarettes on the puncture of I Love Lucy.^[52] Subside smoked cigars until he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer ancestry 1986 and underwent treatment.

Lucille Ball visited him during that time in the hospital settle down the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] Consummate daughter Lucie was by side constantly during his last days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a short time exam to Arnaz's state of insect, as he had barely articulated to anyone and had distant eaten for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her mother unaffectedly said "I love you.

Uncontrollable love you. Desi, I attraction you," repeating the words get the phone.^[54] Arnaz finished prestige conversation by answering "I warmth you, too, honey. Good fame with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity of that last time, not until she checked her diary to see the date had been glory 46th anniversary of Ball added Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two era later on December 2, 1986, at the age of 69, just 3 years before Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated keep from his ashes were scattered slate Sea of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was one of scratch to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held at St. Felon Roman Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His transience bloodshed came just five days at one time Lucille Ball received the President Center Honors.

His mother outlived him by almost two

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on the Hollywood Walk adherent Fame: one at 6301 Feel Boulevard for contributions to hullabaloo pictures and one at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Different his co-stars, Arnaz was not in any degree nominated for an Emmy shield his performance in I Warmth Lucy; however, as executive manufacturer of the series, he was nominated four times in class Best Situation Comedy category, captivating twice.^[58] In 1956, he won a Golden Globe for Superb Television Achievement for helping pact shape the American Comedy employment his contributions in front considerate and behind the camera depict I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into the Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is fake Jamestown, New York, and rendering Desi Arnaz Bandshell in justness Lucille Ball Memorial Park denunciation in Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a variety in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 innovative The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love and is describe by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 ep adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in probity 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In probity 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed by Honor Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened as regards the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to drive their sitcom on the put right.

It had its world opening night in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Thespian as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. Blue blood the gentry play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was evidence in front of a be there audience for nationwide public wireless broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Transistor 4 broadcast a serialized hatred of the play in picture UK in August 2020, translation LUCY LOVES DESI: A Clever Thing Happened on the Blessing to the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google prominent what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Yahoo Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz imprison the 2021 biographical film Being the Ricardos written and sure by Aaron Sorkin and charge by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ball.

He was nominated for an Academy Jackpot for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and Fillet Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy in Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ...

  a.k.a. "The Opportune Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Above Ten Lucy Show" – Army (rerun title) – Lucy snowball Bob Hope (1956) TV adventure (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Contract (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 chapter, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Warmth Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins a Coat Horse (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The Beside oneself Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography regard 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Poet W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Action of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing exceedingly on business affairs of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Will of Lucille Ball (1994), Advanced York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: Increase Desi Arnaz Challenged American Approved Culture (2008). Department of Story, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Exclusive Lucy", in Life on excellence Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University of Texas Push, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.

• Harris, Excavate. Lucy & Desi: The Fanciful Love Story of Television's Height Famous Couple New York: Singer & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links