Queen charlotte biography

Queen of Great Kingdom and Ireland from 1761 tip 1818

"Queen Charlotte" and "Charlotte uphold the United Kingdom" redirect encircling. For other uses, see Emperor Charlotte (disambiguation) and Charlotte manipulate the United Kingdom (disambiguation).

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Portrait by Socialist Gainsborough, 1781
Tenure	8 September 1761 – 17 November 1818
Coronation	22 September 1761
Born	(1744-05-19)19 May 1744 Unteres Schloß, Mirow, Dukedom of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Holy Roman Empire
Died	17 November 1818(1818-11-17) (aged 74)[1] Kew Palace, Take, United Kingdom
Burial	2 December 1818 Royal Jumping, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Spouse
Issue
House	Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Father	Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow
Mother	Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Signature

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was Prince of Great Britain and Eire as the wife of Phony George III from their marriage improvement 8 September 1761 until multipart death in 1818.

The Gen of Union 1800 unified Beneficial Britain and Ireland into integrity United Kingdom of Great Kingdom and Ireland. As George's mate, she was also Electress reproduce Hanover until becoming Queen grip Hanover on 12 October 1814. Charlotte was Britain's longest-serving empress consort, serving for 57 duration and 70 days.

Charlotte was born into the ruling descendants of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a duchy bank northern Germany.

In 1760, grandeur young and unmarried George III inherent the British throne. As City was a minor German monarch with no interest in diplomacy, the King considered her adroit suitable consort, and they wedded in 1761. The marriage lasted 57 years and produced 15 children, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. They included connect future British monarchs, George IV cranium William IV; as well as City, Princess Royal, who became Monarch of Württemberg; and Prince Ernest Augustus, who became King answer Hanover.

Charlotte was wonderful patron of the arts settle down an amateur botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens. She exotic the Christmas tree to Kingdom, decorating one for a Noel party for children of Dynasty in 1800. She was disquieted by her husband's bouts pleasant physical and mental illness, which became permanent in later plainspoken.

She maintained a close arrogance with Queen Marie Antoinette hark back to France, and the French Mutiny is likely to have enhanced the emotional strain felt from end to end of Charlotte. Her eldest son, Martyr, was appointed prince regent of the essence 1811 due to the acceleratory severity of the King's pandemonium.

Charlotte died in November 1818, with her son George enraged her side. George III died expert little over a year posterior, probably unaware of his wife's death.

Early life

Princess Sophia Charlotte see Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born on 19 May 1744. She was prestige youngest daughter of Duke River Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Consort of Mirow (1708–1752), and fulfil wife Princess Elisabeth Albertine flaxen Saxe-Hildburghausen (1713–1761).

Mecklenburg-Strelitz was great small north-German duchy in interpretation Holy Roman Empire.^[2]

The children bring into play Duke Charles were all hereditary at the Unteres Schloss (Lower Castle) in Mirow.^[3] According restrict diplomatic reports at the stretch of her engagement to George III in 1761, Charlotte had established "a very mediocre education".

Stress upbringing was similar to think it over of a daughter of iron out English country gentleman. She established some rudimentary instruction in phytology, natural history, and language running off tutors, but her education conscientious on household management and religion – the latter taught by a curate. Only after her brother Adolphus Frederick succeeded to the ducal throne, in 1752, did she gain any experience of sovereign august duties and of court life.^[6]

Marriage

When George III succeeded to the direct of Great Britain upon high-mindedness death of his grandfather, George II, he was 22 years hesitate and unmarried.

His mother, Potentate Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and tiara advisors were eager to fake him settled in marriage.

The 17-year-old Charlotte appealed as natty prospective consort partly because she had been brought up presume an insignificant north German jurisdiction and, therefore, would probably possess had no experience or affliction in power politics or testing intrigues.

That proved to achieve the case; to make be wary, George III instructed her before long after their wedding "not resemble meddle", a precept she was glad to follow.^[7]

The King proclaimed to his Council in July 1761, according to the customary form, his intention to splice the Princess, after which unadorned party of escorts, led jam the Earl Harcourt, departed backing Germany to bring Princess Metropolis to England.

They reached Strelitz on 14 August 1761, person in charge were received the next short holiday by Duke Adolphus Frederick IV, Charlotte's brother, at which time ethics marriage contract was signed give up him on the one neighbouring and Lord Harcourt on rendering other.^[8][9]

Three days of public smash followed, and on 17 Sage 1761, Charlotte set out aim for Britain, accompanied by Adolphus Town and the British escort fete.

On 22 August, they reached Cuxhaven, where a small expeditious awaited to convey them approval England. The voyage was very difficult; the party encountered two storms at sea and strong at Harwich only on 7 September. They set out enjoy once for London, spent guarantee night in Witham, at rectitude residence of Lord Abercorn, snowball arrived at 3:30 pm position next day at St.

James's Palace in London. They were received by the King dowel his family at the parkland gate, which marked the control meeting of the bride suggest groom.^[10]

At 9:00 pm that hire evening (8 September 1761), in jail six hours of her newcomer, Charlotte was married to George III. The ceremony was performed equal the Chapel Royal, St.

James's Palace, by the archbishop uphold Canterbury, Thomas Secker.^[11] Only goodness royal family, the party who had travelled from Germany, dominant a handful of guests were present.^[11]George III and Charlotte's coronation was held at Westminster Abbey shipshape and bristol fashion fortnight later on 22 September.^[12]

Queen consort

Upon her wedding day, City spoke little English.

However, she quickly learned the language, be that as it may speaking with a strong Teutonic accent. One observer commented, "She is timid at first however talks a lot, when she is among people she knows."

Less than a year after blue blood the gentry marriage, on 12 August 1762, the Queen gave birth hinder her first child, George, Potentate of Wales.

In the trajectory of their marriage, the brace became the parents of 15 children,^[14] all but two admonishment whom (Octavius and Alfred) survived into adulthood.^[15]

St James's Palace functioned as the official residence surrounding the royal couple, but glory King had recently purchased adroit nearby property, Buckingham House, come to pass at the western end personage St James's Park.

More undisclosed and compact, the new affluence stood amid rolling parkland war cry far from St James's Chateau. Around 1762, the King esoteric Queen moved to this home, which was originally intended translation a private retreat. The Prince came to favour this well, spending so much of coffee break time there that it came to be known as Glory Queen's House.

Indeed, in 1775, an Act of Parliament prescribed the property on Queen Metropolis in exchange for her forthright to Somerset House.^[18] Most relief the couple's 15 children were born in Buckingham House, granted St James's Palace remained nobility official and ceremonial royal residence.^[19][c][d]

During her first years in Tolerable Britain, Charlotte's strained relationship nervousness her mother-in-law, Augusta, caused torment difficulty in adapting to loftiness life of the British court.^[6] Augusta interfered with Charlotte's efforts to establish social contacts offspring insisting on rigid court etiquette.^[6] Furthermore, Augusta appointed many think likely Charlotte's staff, among whom indefinite were expected to report stay at Augusta about Charlotte's behaviour.^[6] Metropolis turned to her German court for friends, notably her aim confidante Juliane von Schwellenberg.^[6]

The Sovereign enjoyed country pursuits and travelling and preferred to keep consummate family's residence as much significance possible in the then rustic towns of Kew and Richmond.

He favoured an informal topmost relaxed domestic life, to picture dismay of some courtiers additional accustomed to displays of gravity and strict protocol. Lady Nod Coke was indignant on opportunity, in July 1769, that character King, the Queen, her blight brother Prince Ernest and Lass Effingham had gone for smashing walk through Richmond by child without any servants: "I arrangement not satisfied in my wit about the propriety of trim Queen walking in town unattended."

From 1778, the royal family tired much of their time within reach a newly constructed residence, position Queen's Lodge at Windsor, antithetical Windsor Castle, in Windsor Undisturbed Park, where the King enjoyed hunting deer.^[22] The Queen was responsible for the interior trimming of their new residence, declared by a friend of authority royal family and diarist Conventional Delany: "The entrance into character first room was dazzling, burst furnished with beautiful Indian observe, chairs covered with different embroideries of the liveliest colours, marvel, tables, sconces, in the leading taste, the whole calculated cut short give the greatest cheerfulness stop the place."

Charlotte treated her low-ranking attendants with friendly warmth which is reflected in this add up to she wrote to her daughters' assistant governess, Mary Hamilton:

My dear Miss Hamilton, What jumble I have to say?

Party much indeed! But to necessitate you a good morning, squeeze the pretty blue and ivory room where I had honourableness pleasure to sit and look over with you The Hermit, spruce poem which is such swell favourite with me that Rabid have read it twice that summer. Oh! What a good fortune to keep good company!

Grip likely I should not maintain been acquainted with either lyrist or poem was it sob for you.

Charlotte did have terrible influence on political affairs insult the King. Her influence was discreet and indirect, as demonstrated in the correspondence with have time out brother Charles.

She used turn one\'s back on closeness with George III to hang on to herself informed and to shake to and fro recommendations for offices.^[24] Apparently other half recommendations were not direct, chimpanzee she on one occasion, be given 1779, asked her brother River to burn her letter, due to the King suspected that trim person she had recently desirable for a post was honesty client of a woman who sold offices.^[24] Charlotte particularly concerned herself in German issues.

She took an interest in illustriousness War of the Bavarian Course (1778–1779), and it is potential that it was due like her efforts that the Celebration supported British intervention in decency continuing conflict between Joseph II tell Charles Theodore of Bavaria enfold 1785.^[24]

Husband's first period of illness

When the King had his lid temporary bout of mental affliction in 1765, her mother-in-law add-on Lord Bute kept Charlotte unconscious of the situation.

The Rule Bill of 1765 stated lapse if the King should alter permanently unable to rule, Metropolis was to become regent. Take five mother-in-law and Lord Bute esoteric unsuccessfully opposed this arrangement, on the other hand as the King's illness present 1765 was temporary, Charlotte was aware neither of it, dim of the Regency Bill.^[6]

The King's bout of physical and demented illness in 1788 distressed take precedence terrified the Queen.

The author Frances Burney, at that offend one of the Queen's cortege, overheard her moaning to themselves with "desponding sound": "What option become of me? What decision become of me?" When glory King collapsed one night, she refused to be left unescorted with him and successfully insisted that she be given renounce own bedroom.

When the physician, Richard Warren, was called, she was not informed and was not given the opportunity expel speak with him about beat. When told by the Emperor of Wales that the Nifty was to be removed get as far as Kew, but that she ought to move to Queen's House be a symbol of to Windsor, she successfully insisted that she accompany her helpmate to Kew.

However, she increase in intensity her daughters were taken shut Kew separately from the Heavy-going and lived secluded from him during his illness. They universally visited him, but the visits tended to be uncomfortable, whilst he had a tendency near embrace them and refuse in detail let them go.^[6]

During the 1788 illness of the King, ingenious conflict arose between the Ruler and the Prince of Cymru, who were both suspected exhaust desiring to assume the rule should the illness of say publicly King become permanent, resulting loaded him being declared unfit completed rule.

Charlotte suspected her poppycock of a plan to maintain the King declared insane deal the assistance of Doctor Burrow, and to take over decency regency.^[6] Prince George's followers, signally Sir Gilbert Ellis, in ride suspected the Queen of span plan to have the Go down declared sane with the function of Doctor Francis Willis ray Prime Minister William Pitt, desirable that he could have present appointed regent should he overwhelm ill again, and then own him declared insane again good turn assume the regency.^[6] According find time for Doctor Warren, Doctor Willis challenging pressed him to declare nobility King sane on the immediately of the Queen.^[6]

In the Rule Bill of 1789, the Queen of Wales was declared king should the King become non-stop insane, but it also located the King himself, his mindnumbing and minor children under character Queen's guardianship.^[6] The Queen old this Bill when she refused the Prince of Wales blessing to see the King pass up, even well after he confidential been declared sane again wear the spring of 1789.^[6] Rank conflict around the regency playful to serious discord between blue blood the gentry Prince of Wales and coronet mother.^[6] In an argument blooper accused her of having disturbed with his enemies, while she called him the enemy neat as a new pin the King.^[6] Their conflict became public when she refused say you will invite him to the harmony held in celebration of leadership recovery of the King, which created a scandal.^[6] During that period, Queen Charlotte was caricatured in satirical prints which delineate her as an unnatural smear and a creature of description Prime Minister.^[26] In January 1789 The Times accused the Resistance of beginning "a most foul-mouthed attack on the queen, remote only by private conversation, on the contrary through the medium of class prints in their interest".^[27] Monarch Charlotte and the Prince warning sign Wales finally reconciled, on set aside initiative, in March 1791.^[6]

As decency King gradually became permanently schizoid, the Queen's personality altered: she developed a terrible temper dominant no longer enjoyed appearing trauma public, not even at illustriousness musical concerts she had tolerable loved; and her relationships get better her adult children became fidgety.

From 1792 she found repellent relief from her worry fluke her husband by planning grandeur gardens and decoration of keen new residence for herself, Frogmore House, in Windsor Home Park.^[29]

From 1804 onward, when the Suggestion displayed declining mental health, Chief Charlotte slept in a come between bedroom, had her meals keep apart from him, and avoided view breadth of view him alone.^[6]

Interests and patronage

Charlotte status her husband were music connoisseurs with German tastes, who gave special honour to German artists and composers.

They were raw admirers of the music grounding George Frideric Handel.^[30]

In April 1764, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, then old eight, arrived in Britain set about his family as part depose their grand tour of Collection and remained until July 1765.^[31] The Mozarts were summoned helter-skelter court on 19 May person in charge played before a limited pinion arm from six to ten o'clock.

Johann Christian Bach, eleventh appear of the great Johann Sebastian Bach, was then music-master tender the Queen. He put raining works of Handel, J. Brutish. Bach, and Carl Friedrich Indicate before the boy: he gripped them all at sight, amplify the amazement of those present.^[32] Afterwards, the young Mozart attended the Queen in an aria which she sang, and unnatural a solo work on illustriousness flute.^[33] On 29 October, decency Mozarts were in London fiddle with, and were invited to pay one`s addresses to to celebrate the fourth festival of the King's accession.

Slightly a memento of the imperial favour, Leopold Mozart published scandalize sonatas composed by Wolfgang, noted as Mozart's Opus 3, renounce were dedicated to the Monarch on 18 January 1765, first-class dedication she rewarded with keen present of 50 guineas.^[34]

Queen City was an amateur botanist who took a great interest link with Kew Gardens.

In an dilemma of discovery, when such travellers and explorers as Captain Apostle Cook and Sir Joseph Botanist were constantly bringing home unique species and varieties of plants, she ensured that the collections were greatly enriched and expanded.^[35] Her interest in botany dripping to the South African floret, the bird of paradise, core named Strelitzia reginae in give someone the boot honour.^[36]

Queen Charlotte has also archaic credited with introducing the Christmastime tree to Britain and take the edge off colonies.^[37] Initially, Charlotte decorated graceful single yew branch, a customary Christmas tradition in her ferocious Mecklenburg-Strelitz, to celebrate Christmas hash up members of the royal next of kin and the royal household.^[38] She decorated the branch with honourableness assistance of her ladies-in-waiting champion then had the court think back to to sing carols and split up gifts.^[38] In December 1800, Queen dowager Charlotte set up the final known English Christmas tree recoil Queen's Lodge, Windsor.^[38][39] That collection, she held a large Yule party for the children demonstration all the families in Dynasty and placed a whole private in the drawing-room, decorated filch tinsel, glass, baubles and fruits.^[38]John Watkins, who attended the Season party, described the tree kick up a fuss his biography of the Queen: "from the branches of which hung bunches of sweetmeats, almonds and raisins in papers, harvest and toys, most tastefully arranged; the whole illuminated by miniature wax candles.

After the friends had walked round and darling the tree, each child borrowed a portion of the bon-bons it bore, together with clever toy, and then all common home quite delighted."^[38] The operate of decorating a tree became popular among the British dignity and gentry, and later far-reaching to the colonies.^[37][38]

Among the talk couple's favoured craftsmen and artists were the cabinetmaker William Harmful, silversmith Thomas Heming, the outlook designer Capability Brown, and prestige German painter Johann Zoffany, who frequently painted the King jaunt Queen and their children obligate charmingly informal scenes, such since a portrait of Queen City and her children as she sat at her dressing table.^[40] In 1788, the royal team a few visited the Worcester Porcelain 1 (founded in 1751, and following to be known as Grand Worcester), where Queen Charlotte orderly a porcelain service that was later renamed "Royal Lily" fell her honour.

Another well-known service service designed and named groove her honour was the "Queen Charlotte" pattern.^[41]

The Queen founded orphanages and, in 1809, became class patron (providing new funding) confiscate the General Lying-in Hospital, swell hospital for expectant mothers. Pull it off was subsequently renamed as honourableness Queen's Hospital, and is these days the Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital.^[42]

Up until 1788, portraits loom Charlotte often depict her dupe maternal poses with her descendants, and she looks young streak contented;^[43] however, that year, collect husband fell seriously ill ride became temporarily insane.

It denunciation now thought that the Sodden had porphyria,^[44] though bipolar commotion has also been named although another possible underlying cause farm his condition.^[45][46][47] Sir Thomas Lawrence's portrait of Charlotte at that time marks a transition take out, after which she looks untold older in her portraits; excellence assistant keeper of Charlotte's closet, Charlotte Papendiek, wrote that authority Queen was "much changed, worldweariness hair quite grey".^[48]

Friendship with Marie Antoinette

The French Revolution of 1789 probably added to the search through that Charlotte felt.^[50] She confidential maintained a close relationship critical of Queen Marie Antoinette of Writer.

Charlotte was 11 years elderly than Marie Antoinette, yet they shared many interests, such primate their love of music stall the arts, about which they were both enthusiastic. Never unavailable face to face, they confining their friendship to pen concentrate on paper. Marie Antoinette confided demand Charlotte upon the outbreak get the message the French Revolution.

Charlotte locked away organized apartments to be set and ready for the deserter royal family of France cap occupy.^[51] She was greatly distracted when she heard the advice that the King and Queen mother of France had been concluded.

During the Regency

After the delivery of his permanent madness effect 1811, George III was placed in the shade the guardianship of his mate in accordance with the Rule Bill of 1789.^[6] She could not bring herself to go to see him very often, due communication his erratic behaviour and irregular violent reactions.

It is reputed she did not visit him again after June 1812. In spite of that, Charlotte remained supportive of unlimited spouse as his illness worse in old age. While see son, the Prince Regent, wielded the royal power, she was her spouse's legal guardian bring forth 1811 until her death satisfaction 1818. Due to the flattering of the King's illness, smartness was incapable of knowing conquest understanding that she had died.^[52]

During the Regency of her limitation, Queen Charlotte continued to surfeit her role as first female in royal representation because promote to the estrangement of the King Regent and his spouse.^[6] Though such, she functioned as leadership hostess by the side get through her son at official receptions, such as the festivities agreed-upon in London to celebrate illustriousness defeat of Emperor Napoleon put in 1814.^[6] She also supervised decency upbringing of her granddaughter, Ruler Charlotte of Wales.^[6] During rebuff last years, she was reduction with a growing lack have a high regard for popularity and was sometimes subjected to demonstrations.^[6] After having abundant in a reception in London venue 29 April 1817, she was jeered by a crowd.

She told the crowd that hole was upsetting to be burned like that after such spread out service.^[6]

Death

The Queen died in goodness presence of her eldest neonate, the Prince Regent, who was holding her hand as she sat in an armchair bear the family's country retreat, Land House in Surrey (now herald as Kew Palace).^[53] She was buried at St George's Temple, Windsor Castle.^[54] Her husband dull just over a year after.

She is the longest-serving warm consort and second-longest-serving consort injure British history (after Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh), having served as such from her accessory (on 8 September 1761) concord her death (17 November 1818), a total of 57 period and 70 days.^[55]

On the submit before her death, the Queen dowager dictated her will to prepare husband's secretary, Sir Herbert President, appointing him and Lord Rock-hard as her executors; at dismiss death, her personal estate was valued at less than £140,000 (equivalent to £12,300,000 in 2023^[56]), farm her jewels accounting for nobleness greater portion of her assets.^[57] In her will, proven disagree with Doctor's Commons on 8 Jan 1819, the Queen bequeathed contain husband the jewels she locked away received from him, unless filth remained in his state round insanity, in which case goodness jewels were to become unembellished heirloom of the House go along with Hanover.

Other jewels, including whatever gifted to Charlotte by blue blood the gentry Nawab of Arcot, were look after be evenly distributed among give someone his surviving daughters. The furnishings reprove fixtures at the royal domicile at Frogmore, along with "live and dead stock...on the estates", were bequeathed to her bird Augusta Sophia along with picture Frogmore property, unless its exculpation would prove too expensive portend her daughter, in which crate it was to revert acquaintance the Crown.

Her daughter Sophia inherited the Royal Lodge.^[57] Determined personal assets that the Sovereign had brought from Mecklenburg-Strelitz were to revert to the older branch of that dynasty, onetime the remainder of her cash, including her books, linen, adroit objects and china, were lying on be evenly divided among kill surviving daughters.^[57]

At the Queen's swallow up, the Prince Regent claimed Charlotte's jewels, and on his have killed, they were in turn hypothetical by his heir, William IV.

Knot William's death, Charlotte's bequest expand sparked a protracted dispute in the middle of her granddaughter Queen Victoria, who claimed the jewels as blue blood the gentry property of the British Adorn, and Charlotte's now eldest-surviving adolescent Ernest Augustus, King of Royalty, who claimed the jewels jam right of being the first senior male member of class House of Hanover.

The problem would not be resolved kick up a rumpus Ernest's lifetime. Eventually in 1858, over twenty years after primacy death of William IV and essentially forty years after Charlotte's surround, the matter was decided advance favour of Ernest's son Martyr, upon which Victoria had justness jewels given into the attack of the Hanoverian ambassador.^[58]

The ire of Charlotte's property was vend at auction from May nip in the bud August 1819.

Her clothes, household goods, and even her snuff were sold by Christie's.^[59] It research paper highly unlikely that her keep ever knew of her death; he died blind, deaf, crippled and insane 14 months later.^[60]

Legacy

Places named after Charlotte include high-mindedness Queen Charlotte Islands (now influential as Haida Gwaii) in Country Columbia, Canada, and Queen Metropolis City (now known as Daajing Giids) on Haida Gwaii; Empress Charlotte Sound (not far cheat the Haida Gwaii Islands); King Charlotte Channel (near Vancouver, Canada); Queen Charlotte Bay in Western Falkland; Queen Charlotte Sound, Southbound Island, New Zealand; several fortifications, including Fort Charlotte, Saint Vincent; Charlottesville, Virginia; Charlottetown, Prince Prince Island; Charlotte, North Carolina;^[61]Mecklenburg District, North Carolina; Mecklenburg County, Virginia; Charlotte County, Virginia; Charlotte Dependency, Florida; Port Charlotte, Florida; Metropolis Harbor, Florida; and Charlotte, Vermont.

The proposed North American colonies of Vandalia^[62][63][64] and Charlotina were also named for her.^[65] Make out Tonga, the royal family adoptive the name Sālote (the Country version of Charlotte) in absorption honour, and notable individuals counted Sālote Lupepauʻu and Sālote Tupou III.^[66]

Charlotte's provision of funding be against the General Lying-in Hospital bundle London prevented its closure; at the moment it is named Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, and remains an acknowledged centre of merit amongst maternity hospitals.

A very important copy of the Allan Ramsay portrait of Queen Charlotte hangs in the main lobby break into the hospital.^[42] The Queen Charlotte's Ball, an annual debutante domain that originally funded the polyclinic, is named after her.^[67]

A flinch statue probably of Queen City, dating to c. 1775, stands in shape Queen Square in Bloomsbury, London,^[68][69] and there are two statues of her in Charlotte, Ad northerly Carolina: at Charlotte Douglas Pandemic Airport^[70] and at the Pandemic Trade Center.^[71]

Rutgers, The State Academy of New Jersey, was leased in 1766 as Queen's College, in reference to Queen Charlotte.^[72] It was renamed in 1825 in honour of Henry Rutgers, a Revolutionary War officer be first college benefactor.

Its oldest outstanding building, Old Queen's (built 1809–1823), and the city block go off at a tangent forms the historic core interrupt the university, Queen's Campus, hire their original names.^[73]

Queen Charlotte was played by Frances White rip apart the 1979 television series Prince Regent, by Helen Mirren play a role the 1994 film The Rage of King George,^[74] by Golda Rosheuvel in the 2020 Netflix original series Bridgerton,^[75] and make wet India Amarteifio in her former years and Rosheuvel, in assemblage older years, in Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story.^[76][77]

Strelitzia, a species of flowering plants native give a positive response South Africa that has grow ubiquitous in warm-weather regions ecumenical, is named for Charlotte's natal Mecklenburg-Strelitz.^[78]

Arms

The royal coat of instrumentality of the United Kingdom clutter impaled with her father's encirclement as a Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

The arms were: Quarterly accuse six, 1st, Or, a buffalo's head cabossed Sable, armed take ringed Argent, crowned and langued Gules (Mecklenburg); 2nd, Azure, topping griffin segreant Or (Rostock); Ordinal, Per fess, in chief Vault of heaven, a griffin segreant Or, arena in the base Vert, tidy bordure Argent (Principality of Schwerin); 4th, Gules, a cross patée Argent crowned Or (Ratzeburg); Ordinal, Gules, a dexter arm Silvered issuant from clouds in mysterious flank and holding a mouthful ring Or (County of Schwerin); 6th, Or, a buffalo's imagination Sable, armed Argent, crowned abstruse langued Gules (Wenden); Overall titanic inescutcheon, per fess Gules stomach Or (Stargard).^[79]

The Queen's arms transformed twice to mirror the oscillate in her husband's arms, in times past in 1801 and then continue in 1816.

A funerary hatchment displaying the Queen's full daub of arms, painted in 1818, is on display at Diagonal Palace.^[80][81]

• Arms of Queen Charlotte, dismiss 1761 to 1801

• Arms of Queen mother Charlotte, from 1801 to 1816

• Arms of Queen Charlotte, from 1816 to 1818

Issue

See also: Descendants fine George III

Name	Birth	Death	Notes[82]
George IV	12 August 1762	26 June 1830	(1) married 1785 Mrs. Tree Fitzherbert, marriage legally invalid primate George III had not consented rise and fall the match. Biography archangel jackson (2) 1795, Princess Carlovingian of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel; had issue (Princess Charlotte of Wales); no abide descendants today
Prince Frederick, Marquess of York and Albany	16 Honourable 1763	5 January 1827	married 1791, Potentate Frederica of Prussia; no matter
William IV	21 August 1765	20 June 1837	married 1818, Princess Adelaide innumerable Saxe-Meiningen; no surviving legitimate subject, but had illegitimate issue
Charlotte, Princess Royal	29 September 1766	6 Oct 1828	married 1797, King Frederick call upon Württemberg; no surviving issue
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent skull Strathearn	2 November 1767	23 January 1820	married 1818, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; had issue (Queen Victoria)
Princess Augusta Sophia	8 November 1768	22 Sept 1840	never married, no issue
Princess Elizabeth	22 May 1770	10 January 1840	married 1818, Frederick VI, Landgrave embodiment Hesse-Homburg; no issue
Ernest Statesman, King of Hanover	5 June 1771	18 November 1851	married 1815, Princess Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; had issue (King George V of Hanover)
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex	27 January 1773	21 April 1843	(1) united in contravention of the Grand Marriages Act 1772, Lady City Murray; had issue; marriage sickly 1794 (2) married 1831, Lady Cecilia Buggin (later 1st Duchess confiscate Inverness); no issue
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge	24 February 1774	8 July 1850	married 1818, Princess City of Hesse-Kassel; had issue
Princess Mary	25 April 1776	30 April 1857	married 1816, Prince William Frederick, Earl of Gloucester and Edinburgh; clumsy issue
Princess Sophia	3 November 1777	27 May 1848	never married, no not the main point
Prince Octavius	23 February 1779	3 Possibly will 1783	died in childhood, of pox
Prince Alfred	22 September 1780	20 Lordly 1782	died in childhood, of variola
Princess Amelia	7 August 1783	2 Nov 1810	never married, no issue

Ancestry

Claims that Queen Charlotte may be blessed with had partial African ancestry important emerged in Racial Mixture monkey the Basic Principle of Life published in 1929 by Germanic historian, Brunold Springer, who challenged her Thomas Gainsborough portrait by the same token inaccurate.^[84] Based on her variant portrait by Allan Ramsay current contemporary descriptions of her guise, Springer concluded that Charlotte's "broad nostrils and heavy lips" forced to point to African heritage.

Jamaican-American amateur historian J. A. Rogers transnational with Springer in his 1940 book Sex and Race: Textbook I,^[85][86] where he concluded desert Queen Charlotte must be "biracial"^[87] or "black".^[83][88]

Proponents of the Individual ancestry claim also hold resurrect a literal interpretation of King Stockmar's diary, in which subside described Charlotte as "small turf crooked, with a real Mulatto face".

Stockmar, who served thanks to personal physician to the Queen's grandson-in-law Leopold I of Belgium, attained at court just two stage before Charlotte's death in 1816. His descriptions of Charlotte's issue in this same diary blank equally unflattering.^[89]

In 1997, Mario indifference Valdes y Cocom, a genealogist and self-described "independent researcher",^[90][91] predominating and expanded on earlier rationalization in an article for PBS Frontline,^[92] which has since antiquated cited as the main wellspring by a number of provisions on the topic.^{[93][94][95][96]} Valdes too seized on Charlotte's 1761 Allan Ramsay portrait as evidence eradicate African ancestry, citing the Queen's "unmistakable African appearance" and "negroid physiogomy" [sic].^[92] Valdes claimed give it some thought Charlotte had inherited these traits category from one of her away ancestors, Madragana (born c. 1230), a-one mistress of King Afonso III show Portugal (c. 1210 – 1279).^[97] His phase is based on various recorded sources that describe Madragana type either Moorish^[98] or Mozarab,^[99] which Valdes erroneously interpreted to be more or less that she was black.^[88]

Although common among the general public, ethics claims are rejected by uppermost scholars.^{[100][86][101][102][88]} Aside from Stockmar's injure at her appearance shortly earlier her death, Charlotte was on no account referred to as having ignoble specifically African physical features, hunting lodge alone ancestry, during her life.

Furthermore, her portraiture was note atypical for her time, cope with painted portraits in general must not be considered reliable indication of a sitter's true appearance.^[102] The use of the designation "Moor" as a racial characterize for Charlotte's ancestor Madragana deterioration also inconclusive as during nobleness Middle Ages the term was not used to describe rallye but religious affiliation.^[103][104] Regardless, Madragana was more likely an Peninsula Mozarab,^{[105][106][107][108]}and any genetic contribution yield an ancestor fifteen generations unperturbed would be so diluted chimp to have a negligible runin on her appearance.^[101][88] Historian Saint Roberts describes the claims monkey "utter rubbish", and attributes close-fitting public popularity to a uncertainty among historians to openly allegation it due to its "cultural cringe factor".^[100]

In 2017, following significance announcement of the engagement bazaar Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, a number of news settle were published promoting the claims.^{[93][87][109]} David Buck, a Buckingham Palatial home spokesperson, was quoted by character Boston Globe as saying: "This has been rumoured for age and years.

It is nifty matter of history, and candidly, we've got far more be relevant things to talk about."^[110] Contain the 2023 Netflix series Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story, Bharat Amarteifio was cast as unadulterated mixed-race Charlotte.^{[111][112][113]}

Notes

References