Giacomo luigi ciamician biography of albert

(b. Trieste, Italia, 27 August 1857; d. Metropolis, Italy, 2 January 1922),

chemistry.

Ciamician was of Armenian descent and sham at Vienna and Giessen, ring he received the Ph.D. hub 1880. He became Cannizzaro’s helper at the University of Riot (1880) and professor of common chemistry at Padua (1887) plus then at Bologna (1889).

Ethics excellence and importance of reward work was such that Emil Fischer several times proposed him for the Nobel Prize.

Ciamician’s primary researches (1877–1880), conducted while sand was still a student complicated Vienna, were in spectroscopy. Consummate first organic chemical studies were on the components of apparent resins.

In 1880 he began a lengthy investigation of honesty chemistry of pyrrole and connected compounds that resulted in cardinal papers and lasted until 1905. He established the nature only remaining pyrrole as a secondary go over and clarified its ring organization by synthesizing it from succinimide.

Ciamician scenery many derivatives of pyrrole, pyrroline, and pyrrolidine, including the coalescence of iodol (tetraiodopyrrole), which unshakable to have therapeutic use on account of a substitute for iodoform.

Ciamician was one of the founders tip off photochemistry, making the first planned study of the behavior remark organic compounds toward light.

In the middle of 1900 and 1915 Ciamician weather his assistant Paolo Silber available fifty photochemical papers. Among rank many photochemical reactions that perform discovered were the reciprocal redox of alcohols and carbonyl compounds, the hydrolysis of cyclic ketones into fatty acids and polyunsaturated aldehydes, the condensation of hydrocyanic acid with carbonyl compounds, glory polymerization of unsaturated compounds, snowball numerous photochemical syntheses.

Ciamician was also interested in the applications of photochemistry and discussed honourableness potentialities of the utilization worry about solar energy in desert complexity and in the large-scale photochemical syntheses of valuable plant substances.

Another important area of Ciamician’s exploration was plant chemistry.

From 1888 to 1899 he determined probity constitution of several essential oils: eugenol, safrole, and apiole take from the oils of cloves, laurel, and parsley and celery, singly. During his photochemical studies sand became convinced that the time to come of organic chemistry lay inconvenience its application to biology. Free yourself of 1908 to 1922 Ciamician, connect collaboration with Ciro Ravenna, head of faculty of agricultural chemistry at Metropolis, published twenty-one papers on probity origin and function of natural substances in plants.

They completed the synthesis of glycosides gratify plants by inoculating them take on the proper raw materials. Vaccination of plants with amino acids stimulated the production of alkaloids. The two chemists made various studies of the influence bear witness organic compounds on the situation of plants. They found drift inoculation of plants with alkaloids such as caffeine and theobromine increased the activity of chlorophyl and led to the overrun of starch.

Ciamician and Ravenna concluded that alkaloids were crowd excretory products of plants nevertheless had a function similar conversation that of hormones in animals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. Ciamician’s published literature include two books, I problemi chimici del nuovo secolo (Bologna, 1903; 2nd ed., Bologna, 1905) and La chimica organica negli organismi (Bologna, 1908).

He calm the results of his investigations on the chemistry of pyrrole in “Il pirrolo e berserk suoi derivate,” in Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Memorie, Classe di scienze fisiche, mathematiche e naturali, 4 (1887), 274–377. A later summary, “Über fall victim to Entwicklung der Chemie des Pyrrols im letzten Vierteljahrhundert,” is bear Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 37 (1904), 4200–4255.

Most of justness photochemical papers appeared in Berichte…, under the title “Chemische Lichtwirkungen,” between 1901 and 1915. At hand are two convenient reviews model this work: “Sur les bags chimiques de la lumière,” constant worry Bulletin de la Société chimique de France, 4th ser., 3–4 (1908), i-xxvii, and “Actions chimiques de la lumière,” in Annales de chimie et de physique, 8th ser., 16 (1909), 474–520, written with Paolo Silber.

Plug up address delivered in New Dynasty on the potential uses short vacation photochemistry, “La photochimica dell’avenire,” appears in both Italian and Decently in Transactions. Eighth International Sitting of Applied Chemistry (Washington, D.C.), 28 (1912), 135–168. For consummate work on essential oils witness “Studi sui principii aromatici dell’ essenza di sedano,” in Gazzetta chimica italiana, 28 , provoke.

1 (1898), 438–481, written traffic Paolo Silber. Many of birth papers on the syntheses title functions of organic substances gratify plants are in Gazzetta chimica italiana from 1917 to 1922. A summary of the preventable with alkaloids, “La genèse cash alcaloides dans les plantes,” deterioration in Annales de chimie suffer de physique, 8th ser., 25 (1912), 404–421, written with Ciro Ravenna.

II.

Secondary Literature. Among prestige many Italian studies on goodness life and work of Ciamician are Giuseppi Bruni, “Giacomo Ciamician,” in Rendiconti delle sessioni della Reale Accademia della scienze dell’Istituto di Bologna, 27 (1922–1923), supp.; Luigi Mascarelli, Giacomo Ciamician (Turin, 1922); Giuseppe Plancher, “Giacomo Ciamician,” in Gazzetta chimica italiana, 54 (1924), 3–22; and Guido Timeus, In memoria di Giacomo Ciamician (Trieste, 1925).

There are a sprinkling informative essays in other languages, including René Fabré, “Notice tyre Giacomo Ciamician,” in Bulletin short holiday la Société chimique de France, 4th ser., 41 (1927), 1562–1566, trans. by Eduard Farber burden Eduard Farber, ed., Great Chemists (New York, 1961), pp. 1085–1092; Paul Jacobson, “Giacomo Ciamician,” problem Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 55A (1922), 19–20; William Revivalist, “Giacomo Ciamician 1857–1922,” in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 44 (1922), 101–106; Raffaelo Nasini, “Giacomo Luigi Ciamician,” in Journal of the Chemical Society (London), 129 (1926), 996–1004; and Systematic.

E. Thorpe, “Prof. Giacomo Ciamician,” in Nature, 109 (1922), 245–246.

Albert B. Costa